每日英語 #004: 牙醫師

ESLPOD

原文及翻譯

Dentists (牙醫師)

Dentists “diagnose” (identify the source of a problem or illness) and treat problems with a patient’s teeth, “gums” (the soft, pink material that helps to hold teeth in place), and related parts of the mouth.

牙醫師「診斷」（識別問題或疾病的來源）並治療患者的牙齒、「牙齦」（幫助固定牙齒的柔軟、粉紅色的材料）以及口腔相關部位的問題。

They provide advice and instruction on taking care of teeth and gums and on “diet” (what one eats and drinks) choices that affect “oral” (mouth) health.

他們提供關於保護牙齒和牙齦的建議和指導，以及關於影響「口腔」（口腔）健康的「飲食」（飲食）選擇。

Dentists use a variety of materials and equipment. They wear “masks” (covering over the mouth or face), “gloves” (covering over the hands), and “safety glasses” (covering the eyes) to protect themselves and their patients from “infectious” (able to be transmitted or transferred from one person to another) diseases.

牙醫師使用各種材料和設備。他們戴上「口罩」（遮蓋口腔或面部）、「手套」（遮蓋手部）和「安全眼鏡」（遮蓋眼睛）以保護自己和患者免受「傳染性」（能夠從一個人傳播到另一個人）疾病的影響。

Dentists also use different types of equipment, including “x-ray machines,” which take pictures of the body under the skin, and “drills,” tools that turn very quickly to make holes in hard surfaces.

牙醫師還使用不同類型的設備，包括「X光機」，它可以拍攝皮膚下身體的圖像，以及「鑽頭」，這是一種能夠快速轉動以在堅硬表面上打孔的工具。

Most dental students need at least a bachelor's degree before entering dental school. All dental schools require applicants to have completed certain required science courses, such as “biology” (the study of living things) and “chemistry” (the study of the substances that matter or things are composed of).

大多數牙科學生在進入牙科學校之前至少需要學士學位。所有牙科學校都要求申請人完成某些必修的科學課程，如「生物學」（研究生命體）和「化學」（研究物質構成或事物的成分）。

Majoring in” (selecting as one’s main focus of university study) a science, such as biology, might increase the chances of being accepted, but no specific major is required to enter most dental programs.

主修科學，如生物學，可能會增加被錄取的機會，但大多數牙科課程進入牙科課程並不需要特定的主修科目。

College undergraduates who plan on applying to dental school must usually take the Dental Acceptance Test (DAT) during their “junior year” (third year) of college.

計劃申請牙科學校的大學本科生通常需要在大學的「三年級」（三年級）期間參加牙科接受測試（DAT）。

Admission to dental school can be “competitive” (difficult to achieve or get). Dental schools use these tests, along with other factors such as “grade point average” (the average of one’s grades from individual courses) and recommendations, to admit students into their programs.

進入牙科學校可能會很「競爭激烈」（難以實現或獲得）。牙科學校使用這些測試，以及其他因素，如「平均成績」（從個別課程的成績平均而來）和推薦，來接受學生的申請。

Dentists must be licensed in all states; requirements vary by state. In most states, a license requires a degree from an “accredited” (official, having met state or federal requirements) dental school and passing a written and “practical” (using one’s hands to complete tasks) exam.

牙醫師必須在所有州獲得許可證；各州的要求不同。在大多數州，許可證需要來自「認證的」（符合州或聯邦要求的正式）牙科學校的學位和通過筆試和「實踐」（使用雙手完成任務）考試。

重要單字及解釋

1. Gums [ɡʌmz] - 牙齦，牙床
2. Diet [ˈdaɪət] - 飲食
3. Oral [ˈɔːrəl] - 口腔的
4. Masks [mæsks] - 口罩
5. Gloves [ɡlʌvz] - 手套
6. Safety glasses [ˈseɪfti ˈɡlæsɪz] - 安全