求職中，我回來修了新的Google Coursera上的課程。
在這是我的個人學習筆記，希望能夠隨著課程進行逐漸完善。
課程：Ask Questions to Make Data-Driven Decisions
Course 2 Module 1: Ask effective questions
課程以資料分析的六大階段開頭進行講述，六大階段為：
Ask
定義想要解決的問題，並完全理解利害關係人的期望。
專注在實際問題以避免偏離主題，與利害關係人持續溝通。
往後一步，從大格局重新檢視好釐清整體的情況。
Prepare
決定好哪些資料需要蒐集、如何整理並會如何派上用場。
指標(Metric)、資料在資料庫的位置、資料保存安全性...等
Process
清理資料，將錯誤、失準、不一致性清除。
比如：使用試算表找到輸入錯誤的資料、使用SQL找到多餘的空格、移除重複輸入的資 料、找出帶有偏見的資料...等
Analyze
分析資料，在這階段也許會需要：進行計算、結合不同來源的資料、建立資料表
Share
將分析結果統整並且分享給利害關係人。可能使用圖表、儀表板方式呈現。
分享結果可以幫助團隊：進行更好的決策、以資料為基礎進行決策、達到更好的結果、將自己發現的事實分享給團隊
Act
最後，基於以上結果進行行動。
接下來進入Module 1的主軸：詢問
為了確保問的問題有效，我們必須遵守SMART法則。
- Specific: 問題必須精確不模糊
- Measurable: 問題必須可衡量、測量
- Action-oriented: 問題必須能夠對行動有影響力促使改變
- Relevant: 問題必須維持相關性
- Time-bound: 問題必須有時間性
接下來是資料分析師會處裡的六種不同的問題種類：
- Making predictions
利用資料分析進行預測 - Categorizing things
將資料進行分類，比如說：為了增加客戶滿意度，客戶滿意度調查用許多不同種類的分數或關鍵字進行評分。 - Spotting something unusual
找出不尋常、不規律 - Identifying themes
找出問題主題，有點類似將資料進行分類，但是主題更常用在於幫研究者探索不同方面的問題 - Discovering connections
找出關聯性 - Finding patterns
找出規律性
Course 2 Module 1單字庫：
Terms and definitions for Course 2, Module 1
Action-oriented question: A question whose answers lead to change
Cloud: A place to keep data online, rather than a computer hard drive
Data analysis process: The six phases of ask, prepare, process, analyze, share, and act whose purpose is to gain insights that drive informed decision-making
Data life cycle: The sequence of stages that data experiences, which include plan, capture, manage, analyze, archive, and destroy
Leading question: A question that steers people toward a certain response
Measurable question: A question whose answers can be quantified and assessed
Problem types: The various problems that data analysts encounter, including categorizing things, discovering connections, finding patterns, identifying themes, making predictions, and spotting something unusual
Relevant question: A question that has significance to the problem to be solved
SMART methodology: A tool for determining a question’s effectiveness based on whether it is specific, measurable, action-oriented, relevant, and time-bound
Specific question: A question that is simple, significant, and focused on a single topic or a few closely related ideas
Structured thinking: The process of recognizing the current problem or situation, organizing available information, revealing gaps and opportunities, and identifying options
Time-bound question: A question that specifies a timeframe to be studied
Unfair question: A question that makes assumptions or is difficult to answer honestly
