[1] 取自http://www.shuowen.org/ 東漢‧許慎(編);清‧段玉裁(注)。 [2] 「一曰北嚻山有獨𤞞獸,如虎,白身,豕鬣,尾如馬。」說文解字。 「又北三百里,曰北囂之山,無石,其陽多碧,其陰多玉。有獸焉,其狀如虎,而白身犬首,馬尾彘鬣,名曰獨𤞞。」山海經‧北山經。 [3] 取自 http://ctext.org/kangxi-zidian/zh「《埤雅》顏從曰:獨一叫而猨散,鼉一鳴而龜伏。或曰鼉鳴夜,獨叫曉。獨,猨類也。似猨而大,食猨。今俗謂之獨猨。蓋猨性羣,獨性特,猨鳴三,獨叫一,是以謂之獨也。」康熙字典‧犬部‧十三。 [4]康熙字典。清‧張玉書、陳廷敬等(編)。 [5] 其他書中對於寂寞也有類似的剖析,例如:”Ethical loneliness is the experience of being abandoned by humanity compounded by the experience of not being heard. ” Stauffer, J. (2015). Ethical Loneliness: The Injustice of Not Being Heard. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, p. 1. [6] 在Koch的書中,亦可以看見類似的區分:”For solitude does not entail any specific desires, feelings, or attentional sets: it is an open state receptive to every variety of feeling and reflection….Most importantly, whereas loneliness is intrinsically painful, solitude is equally open to both pleasant and painful feelings.” Koch, P. (1994). Solitude: A Philosophical Encounter. Open Court Publishing Company, p. 33.