巴南效應 Barnum effect

美國心理學家巴南佛瑞(Bertram Forer)於1984年給所有學生做了一項人格測驗，然後根據測試結果分析該學生的人格特徵。

佛瑞的研究表明:人們常常認為，一種籠統的、一般性的人格描述十分準確地揭露了自己的特點，當人們用一些普通的、含糊不清的、空泛的形容詞來描述一個人的時候，人們往往很容易就接受了這些描述，而認為描述中所說的就是自己

你祈求受到他人喜愛，卻對自己吹毛求疵。雖然人格有些缺陷，但大體而言，你都有辦法彌補。你擁有可觀的未開發潛能，但尚未發揮出自己的長處。看似強硬、嚴格自律的外在掩蓋著不安與憂慮的內心。許多時候，你嚴重質疑自己是否做了對的事情或正確的決定。你喜歡一定程度的變動，並在受限時感到不滿。你為自己是獨立思考者而自豪，並且不會接受沒有充分證據的言論。但你認為，對他人過度坦率是不明智的。有些時候，你外向、親和、善於交際，有些時候你卻內向，謹慎而沉默。你的一些抱負是不切實際的。

You have a great need for other people to like and admire you.

You have a tendency to be critical of yourself.

You have a great deal of unused capacity which you have not turned to your advantage.

While you have some personality weaknesses, you are generally able to compensate for them.

Your sexual adjustment has presented problems for you.

Disciplined and self-controlled outside, you tend to be worrisome and insecure inside.

At times you have serious doubts as to whether you have made the right decision or done the right thing.

You prefer a certain amount of change and variety and become dissatisfied when hemmed in by restrictions and limitations.

You pride yourself as an independent thinker and do not accept others' statements without satisfactory proof.

You have found it unwise to be too frank in revealing yourself to others.

At times you are extroverted, affable, sociable, while at other times you are introverted, wary, reserved.

Some of your aspirations tend to be pretty unrealistic.

Security is one of your major goals in life.

資料來源：默菲定律MURPHY'S LAW(幸福文化出版社)