為什麼要做長句拆解?
長句不是語法考題,長句是【資訊密度高+語氣複雜】的地方。你不拆,它像岩石讓你絆倒;你拆了,它變成一堆小石塊,隨手可搬。拆句的目的很簡單:把複雜的語意拆成「可理解的單位」,然後把英文的思維模式抓進腦子。
我拆句的 6 個步驟
- 先聽一遍 → 建立整體印象(comprehensive input)
先別動筆,戴耳機聽原句錄音 1–2 遍:注意節奏、停頓、情緒(驚訝、焦慮、戲謔)。 - 找主幹主句(subject + verb + object)
長句最怕被修飾淹沒,先抓骨架。 - 把插入語、分句、修飾標色(或圈起來)
把非主幹的片段用不同顏色標註(時間、原因、附加訊息、對話插入)。 - 把代詞回溯到先行詞,確定指涉
“it”, “this”, “they” 指誰?先弄清楚,才能理解句子邏輯。 - 把整句用 2–3 條短句重寫(重構)
英文→簡短英文(或中文草句)→再回英文:確保意義掌握。 - 模仿、造句、聲音演練(shadowing)
跟讀、錄下自己念、改,並用該結構造 2–3 句新句子。
拆解示範(一)
Ron!” breathed Harry, creeping to the window and pushing it up so they could talk through the bars.
步驟 2(找骨架):主句是 Ron!(直接喊話)+報導動作 breathed Harry(說話方式)。真正的語法骨架:Harry breathed "Ron!"。其餘是副詞/分詞短語修飾:creeping to the window and pushing it up(伴隨動作),so they could talk through the bars(目的子句)。
步驟 3(標註):
- 分詞片語(伴隨動作):creeping to the window / pushing it up
- 目的子句:so they could talk through the bars
步驟 4(代詞回溯):they = Harry and (someone else in the room—context suggests Dudley? but here it's Harry + his friend inside) → in context it's Harry and the person with him inside (we infer).
步驟 5(重構):
- 簡短英文:
Harry crept to the window, pushed it up, and whispered "Ron!" so they could talk through the bars.
步驟 6(練習 / 模仿):跟讀模仿語氣;造句練習:
- She leaned out of the balcony and shouted, "Help!", creeping quietly so no one would hear.
- I whispered his name, creeping closer so we could talk without being noticed.
痛點提示:分詞片語(creeping… and pushing…)常在口語/小說裡出現,表示動作同時進行或伴隨發話。初學者容易把它當成主句,結果丟掉主詞或誤解時間順序。記得:先找動詞主幹,再去讀分詞。

Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
拆解示範(二)
Harry’s mouth fell open as the full impact of what he was seeing hit him.
步驟 1(聽):感覺到「身體反應(mouth fell open)」+「心理原因(impact… hit him)」連接在一起。
步驟 2(骨架):主句 = Harry’s mouth fell open。關係副詞 / 原因狀語 = as the full impact of what he was seeing hit him(當…的時候)。
步驟 3(標註):
- 主句(結果)
- as 引導的時間/原因子句(說明為何嘴巴張開)
- 子句內部:「the full impact」是主語,
of what he was seeing是修飾這個 impact 的介系片語(名詞子片語),動詞hit。
步驟 4(代詞):what he was seeing = 那個場景/景象(指前面浮空車、Fred & George 等),非特指某人。
步驟 5(重構):Harry was stunned because the full effect of the sight struck him, so his mouth fell open.
步驟 6(練習):模仿造句:
- My heart skipped a beat as the news hit me.
- Her eyes widened as the shock of the accident hit her.
痛點提示:the full impact of what he was seeing hit him —— 這裡有「名詞短語作為主語」的用法(impact of X),許多人讀成「what he was seeing hit him」,但語法上是 impact(影響)hit him。把名詞結構當成一個整體來理解,會清楚很多。
拆解示範(三)
Ron was leaning out of the back window of an old turquoise car, which was parked in midair.
要點:形容詞順序、非限定性關係子句(which …)。
步驟解析:
- 主幹:
Ron was leaning out of the back window of an old turquoise car。 - 後半:
which was parked in midair(which 指 car,非限定性從句,補充說明)——注意逗號,表明這是額外資訊。
語言差異觀察:中文可能會把 which was parked in midair 放在前面或重寫成「一輛停在半空中的綠藍色舊車」,但英文用逗號+which,把驚訝的細節(停在半空中)當作補充,語氣上反而更帶戲劇性。
練習造句:
- She was sitting in the window of an old wooden boat, which had seen better days.
- He was leaning from the balcony of a bright red scooter, which had a dented side.
痛點提示:非限定性關係子句 (", which ...") 是補充說明,不改變主句核心。中文初學者常把它誤當為必要資訊,或把 it/which 的先行詞認錯。
拆解示範(四)——倒裝與分詞前置:
Grinning at Harry from the front seats were Fred and George, Ron’s elder twin brothers.
這是強調句式。把做動作的分詞 Grinning at Harry from the front seats 放前面,主語和動詞倒裝(were Fred and George)。
步驟解析:
- 原始順序(正常語序):
Fred and George, Ron’s elder twin brothers, were grinning at Harry from the front seats. - 作者把狀態放在句首,達到畫面先行、強調情境效果(我們先看到「他們在笑」,然後才知道是誰)。
練習造句(模仿倒裝):
- Sitting alone at the table was an old man with sad eyes.(把情境放前,人物後出,寫作常用)
- Holding a strange device were two teenagers, whispering excitedly.
痛點提示:倒裝在小說中很常見(為了節奏或戲劇性)。讀到前置分詞片語時不要急著找主語,等到整個片語結束再尋找倒裝主語。
拆解示範(五)——超長口語句
“I told you, I didn’t — but it’ll take too long to explain now — look, can you tell them at Hogwarts that the Dursleys have locked me up and won’t let me come back, and obviously I can’t magic myself out, because the Ministry’ll think that’s the second spell I’ve done in three days, so —”
為什麼這句難讀? 因為它是 口語化的長複合句,裡面有:插入語(I told you, I didn’t —)、轉折(but)、請求(can you tell them…)、一連串並列動作(locked me up and won’t let me come back)、原因子句(because …)及省略(so —)。還有口語縮寫(Ministry’ll)。
拆解步驟:
- 找主要請求(核心)
can you tell them at Hogwarts that (the Dursleys have locked me up and won’t let me come back)→ 這是祈使/請求核心。 - 找原因子句(supporting clause)
and obviously I can’t magic myself out, because (the Ministry’ll think that’s the second spell I’ve done in three days)→ 解釋為何不能自己施法。 - 找插入語 / 前置資訊
I told you, I didn’t — but it’ll take too long to explain now — look,→ 說話者先辯解,然後放棄詳細說明,直接求助。 - 標注並列動作
the Dursleys have locked me up and won’t let me come back→ 兩個平行動作(lock up + not allow return)。 - 重構成短句(中文草句)
我被杜思禮一家鎖在外面,不能回來;我不能自己施法逃走,因為魔法部會以為我三天內又用了第二次魔法。你能不能告訴霍格華茲他們(校方)發生了什麼事? - 回英重寫(簡化英文)
Please tell Hogwarts that the Dursleys have locked me up and won’t let me return. I can’t magic myself out because the Ministry will think I have used a second spell in three days.
練習造句(針對 this structure):
- Tell my boss I’m sick and can’t come in today, because I don’t want to reveal the real reason.
- Please let them know I’m stuck, and don’t do anything risky because the authorities might misunderstand.
痛點提示:口語長句裡的破折號(—)表示說話的停頓、插入或情緒中斷,讀時要模仿停頓與語氣。最會踩雷的是「把整句往後堆資訊」的習慣:不要試圖一次咀嚼全部資訊,把句子拆成「請求/理由/補充說明」三塊,逐塊理解。
常見痛點總結(你會卡在哪裡?如何避免)
- 看到分詞就以為是主句 → 先找 S-V-O,再處理分詞短語。
- 代詞不清楚(it/they/that) → 追溯先行詞,畫箭頭。
- 插入語(—, …, which …)讓句子好像斷成碎塊 → 先把插入語用括號或顏色標註,暫時忽略以看主句。
- 口語省略、破折號導致邏輯突然停掉 → 聽錄音感受停頓,然後按語氣重組邏輯。
- 並列很多動詞或從句時,忘了邏輯先後 → 為句子畫流程圖(先做 A,再做 B,因為 C)。
怎麼把這套拆句方法變成「自動技能」?
- 做每日 15–20 分鐘的長句拆解(選小說段落或新聞段落)。
- 把每次拆解的「語法/搭配」寫到你的差異筆記本(例:
tie around the bars、magic myself out、rev up the car)並每週複習。 - 每次拆解後做shadowing(影子跟讀):模仿語氣、停頓、破折號的中斷。錄自己,聽 1 次,改 1 次。
- 把拆過的句子用你自己生活場景改寫:把 Harry 的「被鎖」換成你被錯誤通知、被主管誤解的場景,寫出 3 句新句。語言就是移植能力。
一句建議
學語言不是看多少書,而是把困難的地方反覆拆解到你能說出來、寫出來為止。把長句拆成塊,重構、模仿、改寫、再模仿——這才是把「被動輸入」轉成「主動輸出」的路徑。




















