原文連結: https://medium.com/@tthuang/aki-how-do-we-define-it-c52e6595a836
✦ Beyond Numbers — The Meaning of AKI Today
當代醫學,常以數字為語言。
血清肌酸酐(creatinine)上升 0.3 mg/dL、尿量少於 0.5 mL/kg/hr——這些看似冰冷的指標,構成我們對「急性腎損傷」的診斷。但在這些數字背後,仍有一個最難回答的問題: 我們究竟在治療「數據」,還是「人」?
✦ 文法與句構解析
① Numbers can guide us, but they cannot define the whole story.
→ 對比句型 A but B,用來呈現「數字能引導,但無法定義全貌」。
這裡的 define the whole story 屬於比喻性用法,意指「詮釋完整真相」。
句型延伸:
Facts can explain events, but they cannot define meaning.
② If creatinine were a perfect mirror of kidney health, we would have solved AKI long ago.
→ 這是 假設語氣 (unreal condition),假設與現實相反。
條件句 If + S + were...,主句 would have + p.p.,表示「與過去事實相反」。
→ 翻譯:「如果肌酸酐真能完全反映腎功能,我們早已解決 AKI 的問題。」
③ But biology is not linear, and neither is recovery.
→ neither is recovery 為「倒裝句」,前面的 and 連接兩個否定概念。
這裡運用了 平行結構 (parallelism),節奏簡潔有力。
句型延伸:
Life isn’t fair, and neither is history.
④ One patient may recover in days, while another declines despite every effort.
→ while 這裡用作 對比連接詞(不是時間意義),表示「然而」。
→ 「有的病人幾天內康復,有的卻在竭盡全力之後仍惡化。」 這是醫學寫作中常見的「對照句型」,用以強調不可預測性。
⑤ This is why new biomarkers were introduced—to detect injury before creatinine rises.
→ to detect injury... 為 不定詞作目的,表示「為了偵測在肌酸酐上升前的損傷」。
這句清楚呈現「新科技」與「舊指標」的對比。
⑥ Yet even the best marker cannot replace the clinician’s judgment.
→ 對比副詞 Yet 表「然而」,整句為 主詞 + 情態動詞 + 原形動詞 結構。
→ 強調「最好的指標也無法取代臨床判斷」。 此句短小有力,常見於結論段或演講語氣。
⑦ Perhaps the true progress in AKI lies not in technology, but in awareness.
→ 強調句型:not in A, but in B,語氣柔中帶哲理。
→ 「真正的進步,或許不在科技,而在於覺察。」 此句的節奏與思辨色彩,非常適合結尾使用。
✦ 重要單字與片語
define (v.) 定義、界定
→ Syn: describe, characterize → Ex: It’s hard to define what makes someone a good doctor.
creatinine (n.) 肌酸酐(腎功能指標)
→ Ex: Elevated creatinine levels suggest kidney dysfunction.
linear (adj.) 線性的、按部就班的
→ Ex: Human growth is not always linear.
decline (v.) 惡化、下降;拒絕(依語境而異)
→ Ex: Her health declined rapidly.
biomarker (n.) 生物指標、檢測標誌物
→ Ex: Scientists are developing new biomarkers for early cancer detection.
detect (v.) 偵測、發現
→ Ex: The device can detect small changes in temperature.
awareness (n.) 意識、覺察
→ Ex: Public awareness of mental health is growing.
judgment (n.) 判斷、判斷力
→ Ex: A doctor’s judgment is essential in critical care.
replace (v.) 取代
→ Ex: Machines will never replace human compassion.
lie in (phr. v.) 在於
→ Ex: True happiness lies in helping others.
✦ 相似片語比較
so...that... vs. such...that...
→ 都表示「如此……以致於……」
- so + adj./adv. + that + 子句:He was so tired that he fell asleep instantly.
- such + (a/an) + adj. + N + that + 子句:It was such a long day that we were exhausted.
in the end vs. at the end
→ in the end 表「最終、結果上」;at the end 表「在結尾處」。
例:
- In the end, they saved his life.(結果他被救活了。)
- At the end of the story, the hero returns home.(故事的結尾。)
✦ 小結
AKI 的定義從戰火誕生、經歷標準化,如今回到「人」的思考。
數字能指引我們,但無法取代醫者的眼與心。 語言學上,我們學會假設語氣、對比句與不定詞目的句; 思想上,我們明白:醫學的進步,不只是技術的精準,更是對生命的理解。