Reading Summary | 閱讀摘要
English: As of January 2026, Iran faces severe hyper-inflation. Point-to-point inflation reached 52.6% in December 2025, while annual average inflation is 42.2%. Food prices rose 72% year-on-year. The crisis is driven by currency collapse, geopolitical shocks such as the Twelve-Day War with Israel, UN sanctions, budget deficits, and energy shortages. The Iranian Rial fell to 1.45 million IRR per USD, making imports unaffordable. The IMF and World Bank predict no quick recovery in 2026.
中文： 截至 2026 年 1 月，伊朗正面臨嚴重的惡性通膨。2025 年 12 月逐月通膨達到 52.6%，年度平均通膨為 42.2%。食品價格年增 72%。危機原因包括貨幣崩潰、地緣政治衝擊（如與以色列的十二日戰爭）、聯合國制裁、預算赤字與能源短缺。伊朗里亞爾兌美元跌至 145 萬里亞爾，使進口品難以負擔。國際貨幣基金與世界銀行預測 2026 年不會快速復甦。
Video | 影片
Key Vocabulary | 關鍵詞彙
- Hyper-inflation (惡性通膨) – extremely high and fast-rising prices.
- Point-to-point inflation (逐月通膨) – comparing prices to the same month last year.
- Annual average inflation (年度平均通膨) – average inflation rate over a year.
- Currency collapse (貨幣崩潰) – when a currency loses most of its value.
- Sanctions (制裁) – restrictions imposed by other countries.
- Budget deficit (預算赤字) – when government spending is greater than income.
- Liquidity growth (流動性增長) – increase in money supply.
- Rationing (配給) – limiting access to electricity, gas, or goods.
Comprehension Questions | 理解問題
- What was Iran’s point-to-point inflation rate in December 2025? 2025 年 12 月伊朗的逐月通膨率是多少？
- How much did food prices rise year-on-year? 食品價格年增多少？
- What was the exchange rate of the Iranian Rial to the US dollar? 伊朗里亞爾兌美元的匯率是多少？
- What geopolitical event worsened Iran’s economy in 2025? 哪個地緣政治事件加劇了伊朗的經濟危機？
- What do the IMF and World Bank say about Iran’s recovery outlook? 國際貨幣基金與世界銀行對伊朗復甦前景有何看法？
Discussion Prompts | 討論題目
- How does hyper-inflation affect ordinary families? 惡性通膨如何影響普通家庭？
- What role do sanctions play in worsening Iran’s economy? 制裁在惡化伊朗經濟中扮演什麼角色？
- Can energy shortages contribute to inflation? How? 能源短缺會導致通膨嗎？如何？
Practice Activity | 練習活動
👉 Fill in the blanks | 填空題
- Point-to-point inflation in December 2025 was __________%. 2025 年 12 月逐月通膨率為 __________%。
- Food prices rose __________% year-on-year. 食品價格年增 __________%。
- The Iranian Rial traded at __________ IRR per USD. 伊朗里亞爾兌美元匯率為 __________。
