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• 議論文內容大可分為理與據理(觀點) 據(why) 結論

議論文內容大可分為理與據

理(觀點)

1.段首(前1~2句)

2.轉折:but、however、yet、now、appear、sound、look、seem、while、…

3.賓語從句: …that…

4.冒號

5.重覆:in other words、to put it simply、…

據(why)

例子、數據、專家、實驗、故事→”…”

據裡面如果有違背觀點的地方，你必會用轉折語找到

如果沒有，就是證明主要觀點而已

所以不用看

結論

不要先看題目或是題目給的提示(第幾段，第幾句，誰說…)，翻來翻去回頭找答案，更不用從頭讀到尾

只要直接找理，省略據的部分，也就是找作者的觀點

以下括號部分皆為理，黑字部分皆為據

除了段首要看，其餘都只要找到理的關鍵字(紅字)再讀即可

所以閱讀是用掃的，找出含有「理」的關鍵句再看，不是從頭讀到尾

(When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly.) Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, (reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. )These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. (What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds,VOCs for short.)

(Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.) It’s a plant’s way of crying out. (But is anyone listening?) Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.

(Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.) (But others do double duty.) They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. (The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.)

(In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .) The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, (but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.)

(Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know.) Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to 「overhear」 the cry. (So information was exchanged,but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.)

(Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(親密的)than the world we can see and hear.) Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.

32. What does a plant do when it is under attack?

A. It makes noises.

B. It gets help from other plants.

C. It stands quietly

D. It sends out certain chemicals.

33. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?

A. The attackers get attacked.

B. The insects gather under the table.

C. The plants get ready to fight back.

D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.

34. Scientists find from their studies that plants can .

A. predict natural disasters

B. protect themselves against insects

C.talk to one another intentionally

D.help their neighbors when necessary

35. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A.The world is changing faster than ever.

B.People have stronger senses than before.

C.The world is more complex than it seems.

D.People in Darwin’s time were imaginative.

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