在英文中，完成式用來表達某動作在某一時間點之前已經完成。把它改成問句，就能詢問「某事是否已完成」、「何時完成」等。本文涵蓋：
- 現在完成式問句（Present Perfect Questions）
- 過去完成式問句（Past Perfect Questions）
- 未來完成式問句（Future Perfect Questions）
並附上文法結構解說、例句（粗體標示文法結構）、例外狀況、整理表。
一、現在完成式問句（Present Perfect Questions）
🔧 文法結構
Have / Has + 主詞 + 過去分詞 + …?
- I / you / we / they → Have
- he / she / it → Has
✍️ 用法
- 經驗：詢問是否做過某事。
- 對現在的影響：過去發生，對當前情況有影響。
- 剛完成的動作：常搭配 just, already, yet。
📝 例句（文法結構以粗體標示）
- Have you finished your homework?
- Has she written the report yet?
- How long have they known each other?
- Have we met before?
二、過去完成式問句（Past Perfect Questions）
🔧 文法結構
Had + 主詞 + 過去分詞 + …?
- 所有主詞都用 Had
✍️ 用法
- 比較過去兩件事先後：指出某事在另一事之前已完成。
- 描述過去的完成條件。
📝 例句（文法結構以粗體標示）
- Had they eaten before the movie started?
- How long had you lived there before moving out?
- Had she finished cleaning when you called?
- Had you studied French before high school?
三、未來完成式問句（Future Perfect Questions）
🔧 文法結構
Will + have + 主詞 + 過去分詞 + …?
- 所有主詞都用 Will have
✍️ 用法
- 預測未來某時間點前的完成。
- 提問截止時點。
📝 例句（文法結構以粗體標示）
- Will you have completed the project by Friday?
- By what time will they have arrived?
- Will you have finished cooking when I arrive?
- How many books will you have read by year’s end?
四、例外與注意事項
- 時間副詞連用
- 現在完成式：for / since / ever / yet / already / just。
- 過去完成式：before / after / by the time。
- 未來完成式：by + 時間點。
- 否定與縮寫
- Have not → haven’t；Has not → hasn’t；Had not → hadn’t；Will not have → won’t have。
- 切記助動詞「have」不能省略：Haven’t you seen it?（錯誤：Don’t you have seen it?）
- 疑問詞用法
- 加在助動詞前：What / When / How long …，如 When will you have finished?
- 動詞形式
- 三種完成式問句都必須接「過去分詞」，不能用單純的過去式。
五、三大時態整理表
六、例句複習
現在完成式問句（Present Perfect）
- 💬 Have you tried the new café downtown?
✔️ “Yes, I have. It’s really nice.” - 💬 Has John seen your message yet?
❌ “No, he hasn’t checked his phone.” - 💬 Have we met at that conference last year?
❌ “I don’t think we have.” - 💬 Have you ever climbed Mount Fuji?
✔️ “Yes, I have—twice!” - 💬 Has it stopped raining yet?
❌ “No, it hasn’t stopped.”
過去完成式問句（Past Perfect）
- 💬 Had they eaten before the movie started?
✔️ “Yes, they had already eaten.” - 💬 Had you met Bob before you started working there?
❌ “No, I hadn’t; we met on my first day.” - 💬 Had she finished cleaning when you called?
✔️ “Yes, she had finished by then.” - 💬 Had we ever visited that museum before 2019?
❌ “No, we hadn’t—2019 was our first visit.” - 💬 Had he heard the news before dinner?
❌ “He hadn’t heard until someone told him.”
未來完成式問句（Future Perfect）
- 💬 Will you have sent the email by 6 PM?
✔️ “Yes, I will have sent it before 6 PM.” - 💬 Will they have built the prototype by June?
✔️ “They should have finished by then.” - 💬 Will she have learned to drive by next year?
✔️ “I believe she will have learned by then.” - 💬 Will we have moved into the new house by May?
✔️ “Yes, we will have moved in before May.” - 💬 Will he have saved enough money by December?
❌ “He won’t have saved enough by December.”
