誰是老大?澳洲政府權力分立制｜英文學習筆記
圖文/蔓無目的、AMEP課程講義
為期十周的Exploring Australian Citizenship的免費課程，主要是學習在成為公民前必須懂的歷史文化背景，包括認識原住民、民主信仰與價值、議會與治理、生活方式等等。
第五、六周課程內容主要是在認識澳洲政府分為三個層級，包括聯邦政府、州政府及地方政府。每個層級所負責的業務皆不同，所以在澳洲要申辦各種業務必須了解是哪個層級的政府所管轄。
The three levels of Government
There are three levels of government in Australia. Each level has different duties and responsibilities. Our politicians are elected by the people.
國王
King Charles III
The King is the Head of State in Australia.
The Governor-General (總督)is the King’s representative.
目前國家元首為國王，但國王沒有實質的權力，主要由The Governor-General(簡稱GG)代表。
聯邦政府
Mr Anthony Albanese
The Australian Government is also called the Federal Government or the Commonwealth Government.
The Prime Minister(總理，簡稱PM) is the head of the Federal Government.
總理是聯邦層級類似總統，因君主制而稱總理。
澳洲最大的商業銀行稱Commonwealth Bank，是許多到澳洲打工度假的朋友首選開戶的銀行之一。
州或領地政府
Mr Dominic Perrottet(NSW)
Australia has six states and two territories. Each state government has its own parliament. The state parliament is in the capital city.
The leader of a state government is the Premier(總理). The leader of a territory government is the Chief Minister.
六個州及兩個領地(北領地及首都領地)
👇這篇有仔細介紹
澳洲國徽小知識-你知道幾個呢?｜英文學習筆記
地方政府
Ms Clover Moore( Sydney)
The states and the territories are divided into Local Government Areas (LGA)
Each area has its own local council. Representatives who are elected to the council are called Councillors. The leader of the Council is called the Mayor(市長).
包括雪梨、墨爾本、布里斯本、伯斯......
澳洲傳奇女性
“If you are really passionate about something and raise your voice, you can make a difference.” –Julia Gillard
How Julia Gillard forever changed Australian politics - especially for women
有興趣可以看Julia Gillard這位改變澳洲政治的傳奇女性報導，包括:
- 2010年打破玻璃天花板成為第一位女總理。
- 對抗性別歧視，倡導性別平等。
- 反對教育削減。
- 熱衷於教育和平等、改善醫療保健、建立 NDIS（澳洲第一個為殘疾人提供支持的國家保險計劃）以及帶薪育嬰假的重大改革。
Separation of powers
Why is it important to have a separation of powers ?
To avoid one group having too much power; to make each group accountable to someone else and to keep check on the actions of the others.
權力分立是一種現代國家統治模式，其設計將各種國家公權力分散，不使其集中在單一機關內，讓這些分立機關產生互相制衡作用。
Who is included in each group?
The Parliament(議會) - made up of the King (represented by the Governor-General), the Senate and the House of Representatives.
The Executive(行政) – made up of the King (represented by the Governor-General), Prime Minister and ministers.
The Judiciary(司法) - made up of the High Court of Australia and other federal courts.
小結
以上簡單介紹第五周的課程內容，釐清政府各層級的差異及現任所屬領導人，從聯邦政府到地方政府有點複雜，不過也因此更了解一個國家的建立不易，過程中也經歷許多人的犧牲奉獻，努力的推動才有目前的教育及性別平等福利。
前人種樹後人乘涼，期待我們享受的同時，也能感恩並持續為社會的不公義多點關注，讓這社會多一些的美好。
如果你人在澳洲，試著找出你的居住資訊:
Complete this story about where you live.
I live in Australia. The capital of Australia is ________. I live in the city of _______. This is in the state of _______. I live in the suburb of _______which is in the LGA (local government area) of _____. The mayor of my council is ________. My postcode is ______.
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