到莫斯科念碩士時,我研究的是俄國流亡詩人Joseph Brodsky,在一篇散文裡他提到,他在美國教授的詩歌課,教授學生最重要的一件事情是:背詩,令我大吃一驚。Brodsky是現代詩人,俄國現代詩雖然也有格律,但要背起一整首長詩,那還是一件苦差事——但後來,我覺得這個方式是對的,將詩句的韻律、節奏,自然而然地銘刻在身體裡,去感受字句的起伏、呼吸,彼此之間的對映,詞語的象徵與節奏的關係......諸般種種,所有的詩歌理論,都遠不及你背好一首又一首的好詩——至少,當你遇到詩,你需要做的事情是,把它們唸出來: Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;
Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same,
And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.
I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.