雅思寫作申論題型：如何分段？用Cambridge IELTS 19真題寫給你看

IELTS Writing Task 2議論文寫作，又稱申論題，過去十五到二十年來常見的題型有三種：

• 探討兩造
• 因果方案
• 同意程度

如何一眼一秒識別題型呢？答案是：看指令詞。除了因果方案型沒有固定的指令詞，另外兩種都有二十年以來固定不曾改變的句子。

Some people think success in life comes from hard work and determination, but others think there are more important factors like money and appearance. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
有些人認為生活中的成功來自於努力和決心，但也有人認為金錢和外表等因素更為重要。討論這兩種觀點並表達個人意見。

看到粗體字就知道這屬於探討兩造題型，兩造就是兩方，意味著題幹含有一個公說公有理、婆說婆有理的內容，要考生先就兩方意見進行探討，再接露考生自己的看法。這種題型的開場斷不會有考生的立場。這一點和接下來的同意程度題型有天壤之別，一旦弄錯分段方式，就全盤皆輸了。

這種題型的分段方式如下：

1. 開場
2. 甲方
3. 乙方
4. 結論(含考生的立場與理由)

Some people say that all young people should be required to stay in full-time education until they are at least 18 years old. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
有些人認為所有年輕人都應該接受全日制教育，至少到18歲為止。對此你在多大程度上同意或不同意？

指令詞是To what extent do you agree or disagree (with the statement)，有時候會簡化為Do you agree or disagree?甚至會變形，出現以下指令詞，皆屬於同意程度型的考題：

• Do you think this is a positive or negative development/trend?
• Do the advantages of [something] outweight its disadvantages?
• 結合以上，請看實例：

In many countries, people are now living longer than ever before. Some people say an aging population creates problems for governments. Other people think there are benefits if society has more elderly people. To what extent do the advantages of having an aging population outweigh the disadvantages?
在許多國家，人們的壽命比以往任何時候都長。有人說人口老化給政府帶來了問題。其他人則認為，如果社會有更多的老年人，就會有好處。人口老化在多大程度上是利大於弊的？

這種題型的篇章結構(如何分段)如下：

1. 起：開場(含考生的立場)
2. 承：支持(選擇該立場的理由)
3. 轉：反駁
4. 合：結論

千萬不要像所謂的網路九分範例一樣，第二段承、第三段也承，也就是把支持的理由分成兩段來寫，這樣失去了一整個段落結構的多樣性。

基本題的開場段寫法：

Some people believe that working overtime is necessary for success in the competitive workplace of today. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
有些人認為，要在當今競爭激烈的職場中成功，加班是必要的。你在多大程度上同意或不同意？

1. 重述題幹、表達立場，然後指出文章目的
2. 假定立場是不同意加班是必要的，說明有生產力的其他方法
3. 對於加班是必要的提出各種方法予以推翻，間接證明加班並非必要
4. 重申立場做為摘要(消極的結論)，然後呼籲採取行動(積極的結論)

Cambridge IELTS 19 Writing Task 2

In many countries nowadays, consumers can go to a supermarket and buy food produced all over the world. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
現今在許多國家，消費者可以到超市購買世界各地生產的食品。您認為這是正面的還是負面的發展？

1. 起：(1)描述背景：時間--nowadays、空間--in many countries、受影響的族群--consumers；(2)破題：go to a supermarket and buy food produced all over the world；(3)指出寫作目的(改寫指令詞同時揭示考生立場)：假設考生認為這種發展會帶來負面影響。【有時候開場段落三步驟可以"三步併兩步"，也就是把(1)(2)寫在一個句子裡】
2. 承：有哪些理由可用以支持這種發展是負面的。
3. 轉：說明、舉證、舉例來推翻這種發展是正面的，間接證明這種發展是負面的。
4. 合：重述考生立場然後呼籲採取行動。

開場範例：

Nowadays, consumers in many countries can easily access a wide variety of food products from around the world in their local supermarkets, raising questions about the positive and negative impacts of this development. I do not think this is a positive trend and the reasons are as follows.
現今，許多國家的消費者可以在本地超市輕鬆獲得來自世界各地的各種食品，這引發了人們對這個發展的正面和負面影響的質疑。我認為這不是一個積極的趨勢，原因如下。

這只是舉例，不是高分範文：對於未滿6.0程度的考生很可能會覺得以上開場已經很棒了，但是我寫這個段落的用意卻是在示範不理想的內容。表面上看起來用字蠻不錯的，也沒有文法錯誤，是怎麼個不理想？

• Nowadays, consumers in many countries以及positive and negative, development直接和題目重複，無法爭取到詞彙資源(Lexical Resource)的分數。
• 時間副詞、地方副詞，句子的主詞＋動詞，這樣的結構和題幹一樣，無法爭取到Grammatical Range的分數。

Gabrielle Henderson on Unsplash

請看真正的高分範文

只要理解這段如何鋪陳以及掌握住句子結構的語法，雅思考生都能寫出這樣漂亮的開場段：

These days, modern cities have seen a proliferation of supermarkets selling a broad range of foodstuffs sourced from across the globe. While this trend presents significant challenges, I firmly believe that it has several benefits for both individual consumers and society as a whole. This essay will explore the major reasons behind my stance. (54)

如今，現代城市中超市數量激增，銷售來自全球各地的各種食品。雖然這一趨勢帶來了重大挑戰，但我堅信它對個人消費者和整個社會都有好處。本文將探討我的立場背後的主因。

下一段當然是寫出major reasons。請看：

The global food market's expansion in local supermarkets yields multifaceted impacts. Economically, it stimulates international trade and creates diverse job opportunities. Environmentally, while it may increase carbon footprints due to long-distance transportation, it also promotes sustainable farming practices globally. Socially, this trend fosters cultural exchange, broadening culinary horizons and enhancing mutual understanding among different communities. Moreover, it introduces varied nutritional options, potentially improving public health outcomes. These interconnected effects underscore the complexity of this phenomenon.
全球食品市場在本地超市的擴張帶來了多方面的影響。在經濟層面，它刺激了國際貿易並創造了多樣化的就業機會。環境方面，儘管可能因長距離運輸而增加碳足跡，但它也在全球範圍內促進了可持續農業實踐。社會層面上，這一趨勢促進了文化交流，拓寬了烹飪視野，增進了不同社群間的相互理解。此外，它引入了多樣化的營養選擇，有潛力改善公眾健康狀況。這些相互關聯的影響凸顯了這一現象的複雜性。

第三段要反駁對立立場，請看：

Critics argue that the influx of global foods erodes local culinary traditions and small businesses. However, this view oversimplifies the issue. In reality, exposure to international cuisines often sparks renewed interest in local specialties, as people become more culinarily curious. Moreover, many local producers have successfully adapted, creating fusion dishes or exporting their unique products globally. This cultural exchange and economic adaptation demonstrate that globalization can coexist with, and even enhance, local food cultures.
批評者認為，全球食品的湧入侵蝕了本地烹飪傳統和小型企業。然而，這種觀點過於簡單化了問題。實際上，接觸國際美食常常激發人們對本地特色菜的新興趣，因為人們變得更加好奇不同的烹飪方式。此外，許多本地生產商已成功適應，創造出融合菜品或將其獨特產品推向全球市場。這種文化交流和經濟適應表明，全球化可以與本地食品文化共存，甚至能夠增強它。

結論

In conclusion, the global food market's expansion in local supermarkets brings more benefits than drawbacks. It fosters economic growth, cultural exchange, and dietary diversity. While challenges exist, they can be mitigated through thoughtful policies. As consumers, we should embrace this culinary globalization while actively supporting local food traditions and sustainable practices.
總結，全球食品市場在本地超市的擴張帶來的好處大於壞處。它促進了經濟增長、文化交流和飲食多樣性。儘管存在挑戰，但可以通過周到的政策來緩解。作為消費者，我們應該擁抱這種烹飪全球化，同時積極支持本地食品傳統和永續實踐。