2024-07-18|閱讀時間 ‧ 約 141 分鐘

文獻摘要(全機翻)，《手肘尺側副韌帶損傷，診斷和治療指南》參考文獻

文獻摘要

目錄中字體特殊化的章節是已經列出來的。

1.肘部尺側副韌帶的解剖和生物力學

References 參考文獻

2018 肘關節內側動態和靜態穩定器的定性和定量分析:一項解剖學研究
Frangiamore SJ, Moatshe G, Kruckeberg BM, et al. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the dynamic and static stabilizers of the medial elbow: an anatomic study. Am J Sports Med. 2018;46:687–94.
2004 肘關節解剖學和結構生物力學
Alcid JG, Ahmad CS, Lee TQ. Elbow anatomy and structural biomechanics. Clin Sports Med. 2004;23(4):503–17, vii.
2000 人體肘關節側副韌帶正常解剖結構的變異
Beckett KS, McConnell P, Lagopoulos M, Newman RJ. Variations in the normal anatomy of the collateral ligaments of the human elbow joint. J Anat 197 Pt. 2000;3:507–11.
2007 尺側副韌帶前束的解剖學
Dugas JR, Ostrander RV, Cain EL, Kingsley D, Andrews JR. Anatomy of the anterior bundle of the ulnar collateral ligament. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2007;16:657–60.
2002 使用X線立體攝影分析法對肘關節進行生物力學評估
Eygendaal D, Valstar ER, Söjbjerg JO, Rozing PM. Biomechanical evaluation of the elbow using roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002:100–5.
1983 關節和韌帶對肘關節穩定性的貢獻
Morrey BF, An KN. Articular and ligamentous contri- butions to the stability of the elbow joint. Am J Sports Med. 1983;11(5):315–9.
1991 肘關節周圍韌帶的生物力學研究
Regan WD, Korinek SL, Morrey BF, An KN. Biomechanical study of ligaments around the elbow joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1991:170–9.
2005 肘關節尺側副韌帶
Safran M, Ahmad CS, Elattrache NS. Ulnar col- lateral ligament of the elbow. Arthroscopy. 2005;21(11):1381–95.
2019 肱骨和尺骨骨隧道位置對實現UCL移植物等長性的影響:一項屍體研究
Lall AC, Beason DP, Dugas JR, Cain ELJ. The effect of humeral and ulnar bone tunnel placement on achieving UCL graft isometry: a cadaveric study. Arthroscopy. 2019.
2018 肘關節內側尺側副韌帶複合體的定量解剖分析及其對重建手術的影響
Camp CL, Jahandar H, Sinatro AM, Imhauser CW, Altchek DW, Dines JS. Quantitative anatomic analy- sis of the medial ulnar collateral ligament complex of the elbow with implications for reconstructive sur- gery. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2018;e127:27.
2014 內側尺側副韌帶遠端尺骨附著點的超聲評估
Farrow LD, Mahoney AP, Sheppard JE, Schickendantz MS, Taljanovic MS. Sonographic assessment of the medial ulnar collateral ligament distal ulnar attach- ment. J Ultrasound Med. 2014;33:1485–90.
2011 內側尺側副韌帶尺骨足跡的定量分析及其與尺骨崇高結節的關係
Farrow LD, Mahoney AJ, Stefancin JJ, Taljanovic MS, Sheppard JE, Schickendantz MS. Quantitative analysis of the medial ulnar collateral ligament ulnar footprint and its relationship to the ulnar sublime tubercle. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39:1936–41.
2019 肘關節內側解剖學:UCL損傷預防和管理的範式轉移
Hoshika S, Nimura A, Yamaguchi R, Nasu H, Yamaguchi K, Sugaya H, Akita K. Medial elbow anatomy: a paradigm shift for UCL injury prevention and management. Clin Anat. 2019;32:379–89.
2012 尺側副韌帶手術的再探討:我們使用的程序
Andrews JR, Jost PW, Cain EL. The ulnar collateral ligament procedure revisited: the procedure we use. Sports Health. 2012;4:438–41.
2007 使用DANE TJ技術治療肘關節尺側副韌帶功能不全的臨床結果
Dines JS, ElAttrache NS, Conway JE, Smith W, Ahmad CS. Clinical outcomes of the DANE TJ tech- nique to treat ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency of the elbow. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35:2039–44.
2015 肘關節尺側副韌帶重建:文獻系統綜述
Erickson BJ, Chalmers PN, Bush-Joseph CA, Verma NN, Romeo AA. Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruc- tion of the elbow: a systematic review of the literature. Orthop J Sports Med. 2015;2325967115618914:3.
2017 內側尺側副韌帶重建:恢復尺骨足跡
Marshall TJ, Frangiomore S, Schickendantz M. Medial ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction: restoring the ulnar footprint. Tech Should Elbow Surg. 2017;18:62.
2019 肘關節內側尺側副韌帶重建:新的解剖技術與對接技術的生物力學比較
Camp CL, Bernard C, Benavitz B, Konicek J, Altchek DW, Dines JS. Reconstruction of the medial ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow: biomechani- cal comparison of a novel anatomic technique to the docking technique. Orthop J Sports Med. 2019;7:2325967119857592.
1985 肘關節韌帶的功能解剖學
Morrey BF, An KN. Functional anatomy of the ligaments of the elbow. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985;201:84–90.
2008 肘關節的解剖學和生物力學
Bryce CD, Armstrong AD. Anatomy and biomechan- ics of the elbow. Orthop Clin North Am. 2008;39:141– 54, v.
1998 肘關節內側副韌帶:解剖學和運動學
Floris S, Olsen BS, Dalstra M, Søjbjerg JO, Sneppen O. The medial collateral ligament of the elbow joint: anatomy and kinematics. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 1998;7:345–51.
1997 肘關節內側副韌帶的生物力學評估
Callaway GH, Field LD, Deng XH, Torzilli PA, O'Brien SJ, Altchek DW, Warren RF. Biomechanical evaluation of the medial collateral ligament of the elbow. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997;79:1223–31.
1991 人體肘關節尺側副韌帶。解剖學、功能和生物力學
Fuss FK. The ulnar collateral ligament of the human elbow joint. Anatomy, function and biomechanics. J Anat. 1991;175:203–12.
1987 肘關節的外翻穩定性
Hotchkiss RN, Weiland AJ. Valgus stability of the elbow. J Orthop Res. 1987;5:372–7.
2002 肘關節內側副韌帶重建前後對外翻應力穩定性的生物力學研究
Mullen DJ, Goradia VK, Parks BG, Matthews LS. A biomechanical study of stability of the elbow to valgus stress before and after reconstruction of the medial collateral ligament. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2002;11:259–64.
2004 肘關節內側副韌帶不是等長的:一項體外生物力學研究
Armstrong AD, Ferreira LM, Dunning CE, Johnson JA, King GJW. The medial collateral ligament of the elbow is not isometric: an in vitro biomechanical study. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32:85–90.
2019 肘關節內側尺側副韌帶尺骨足跡的中部和遠端部分對外翻應力沒有提供顯著阻力:一項生物力學研究
Erickson BJ, Fu M, Meyers K, Camp CL, Altchek DW, Coleman SH, Dines JS. The middle and dis- tal aspects of the ulnar footprint of the medial ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow do not provide significant resistance to valgus stress: a biomechanical study. Orthop J Sports Med. 2019;2325967118825294:7.
2020 肘關節生物力學:軟組織穩定器
Kaufmann RA, Wilps T, Musahl V, Debski RE. Elbow biomechanics: soft tissue stabilizers. J Hand Surg Am. 2020;45(2):140–47.
2018 內側尺側副韌帶的功能分類:一項計算機輔助設計的體內運動學研究
Kholinne E, Zulkarnain RF, Lee H-J, Adikrishna A, Jeon I-H. Functional classification of the medial ulnar collateral ligament: an in vivo kinematic study with computer-aided design. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018;2325967118762750:6.
2019 考慮韌帶鬆弛度的內側副韌帶前束力與變形的相關性
Jordan D, Schimoler P, Kharlamov A, DeMeo PJ, Miller MC. Correlation of force to deformation of the anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament through consideration of band laxity. J Orthop Res. 2019;37:2027–34.
2000 內側副韌帶缺損肘關節的康復:一項體外生物力學研究
Armstrong AD, Dunning CE, Faber KJ, Duck TR, Johnson JA, King GJ. Rehabilitation of the medial collateral ligament-deficient elbow: an in vitro biome- chanical study. J Hand Surg Am. 2000;25:1051–7.
2007 肌肉對肘關節外翻穩定性的貢獻
Lin F, et al. Muscle contribution to elbow joint valgus stability. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2007;16:795–802.
2020 肘關節內側尺側副韌帶複合體解剖學的回顧
Cinque ME, Schickendantz M, Frangiamore S. Review of anatomy of the medial ulnar col- lateral ligament complex of the elbow. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2020;13:96–102.
2012 內側和外側副韌帶缺損肘關節的康復:一項體外生物力學研究
Alolabi B, Gray A, Ferreira LM, Johnson JA, Athwal GS, King GJW. Rehabilitation of the medial- and lat- eral collateral ligament-deficient elbow: an in vitro biomechanical study. J Hand Ther. 2012;25:363–73.
2018 肘關節內側副韌帶缺損:計算方法
Rahman M, Cil A, Stylianou AP. Medial collateral lig- ament deficiency of the elbow joint: a computational approach. Bioengineering (Basel). 2018;5(4):84.
2019 動態負荷下尺側副韌帶的力學性質和微觀結構膠原蛋白排列
Smith MV, Castile RM, Brophy RH, Dewan A, Bernholt D, Lake SP. Mechanical properties and microstructural collagen alignment of the ulnar col- lateral ligament during dynamic loading. Am J Sports Med. 2019;47:151–7.
2006 肘關節尺側副韌帶重建兩種技術的生物力學評估
Paletta GAJ, Klepps SJ, Difelice GS, Allen T, Brodt MD, Burns ME, Silva MJ, Wright RW. Biomechanical evaluation of 2 techniques for ulnar collateral liga- ment reconstruction of the elbow. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:1599–603.
1997 肘關節內側韌帶的放射學檢查
Berg EE, DeHoll D. Radiography of the medial elbow ligaments. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 1997;6:528–33.
2019 肘關節橫韌帶:屍體解剖學研究
Kimata K, Yasui M, Yokota H, Hirai S, Naito M, Nakano T. Transverse ligament of the elbow joint: an anatomic study of cadavers. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2019;28:2253–8.
2014 動態負荷軟組織中膠原蛋白排列的實時高分辨率測量
York T, Kahan L, Lake SP, Gruev V. Real-time high-resolution measurement of collagen alignment in dynamically loaded soft tissue. J Biomed Opt. 2014;066011:19.

2. 臨床相關的肘部解剖和手術方法

1985 肘關節韌帶的功能解剖學
Morrey BF, An KN. Functional anatomy of the ligaments of the elbow. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985;201:84–90.
1981 肘關節肌肉:生物力學分析
An KN, Hui FC, Morrey BF, Linscheid RL, Chao EY. Muscles across the elbow joint: a biomechanical analysis. J Biomech. 1981;14(10):659–69.
1992 正常和內側副韌帶功能不全的受傷投手肘關節肌電圖分析
Glousman RE, Barron J, Jobe FW, Perry J, Pink M. An electromyographic analysis of the elbow in normal and injured pitchers with medial collateral ligament insufficiency. Am J Sports Med. 1992;20(3):311–7.
1981 急性肘關節內側撕裂
Norwood LA, Shook JA, Andrews JR. Acute medial elbow ruptures. Am J Sports Med. 1981;9(1):16–9.
2004 高舉運動員尺側副韌帶損傷:診斷和治療
Safran MR. Ulnar collateral ligament injury in the overhead athlete: diagnosis and treatment. Clin Sports Med. 2004;23(4):643–63. x.
1995 屈肌-旋前肌群與肘關節內側副韌帶的功能解剖學關係
Davidson PA, Pink M, Perry J, Jobe FW. Functional anatomy of the flexor-pronator muscle group in rela- tion to the medial collateral ligament of the elbow. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23(2):245–50.
2007 肌肉對肘關節外翻穩定性的貢獻
Lin F, Kohli N, Perlmutter S, Lim D, Nuber GW, Makhsous M. Muscle contribution to elbow joint valgus stability. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2007;16(6):795–802.
2004 屈肌-旋前肌群對肘關節外翻穩定性的動態貢獻
Park MC, Ahmad CS. Dynamic contributions of the flexor-pronator mass to elbow valgus stability. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86-A(10):2268–74.
2009 屈肌-旋前肌群負荷對完整、拉伸和切除內側尺側副韌帶的肘關節外翻穩定性的影響
Udall JH, Fitzpatrick MJ, McGarry MH, Leba TB, Lee TQ. Effects of flexor-pronator muscle loading on valgus stability of the elbow with an intact, stretched, and resected medial ulnar collateral ligament. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2009;18(5):773–8.
2020 食指和中指淺指屈肌收縮增強外翻穩定性
Hoshika S, Nimura A, Takahashi N, et al. Valgus sta- bility is enhanced by flexor digitorum superficialis muscle contraction of the index and middle fingers. J Orthop Surg Res. 2020;15:121.
1996 肘關節尺側副韌帶的肌肉分離入路:神經解剖學和手術技術
Smith GR, Altchek DW, Pagnani MJ, Keeley JRA. muscle-splitting approach to the ulnar collateral liga- ment of the elbow. Neuroanatomy and operative tech- nique. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24(5):575–80.
1989 前臂內側皮神經的手術解剖學
Masear VR, Meyer RD, Pichora DR. Surgical anat- omy of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve. J Hand Surg Am. 1989;14(2 Pt 1):267–71.
2012 投擲運動員尺側副韌帶重建:當前概念回顧
Jones KJ, Osbahr DC, Schrumpf MA, Dines JS, Altchek DW. Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruc- tion in throwing athletes: a review of current con- cepts. AAOS exhibit selection. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94(8):e49.
1993 肘關節穩定器
King GJ, Morrey BF, An KN. Stabilizers of the elbow. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 1993;2(3):165–74.
1994 肘關節尺側副韌帶的組織學和關節鏡解剖學
Timmerman LA, Andrews JR. Histology and arthroscopic anatomy of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow. Am J Sports Med. 1994;22(5):667–73.
1997 肘關節內側副韌帶的生物力學評估
Callaway GH, Field LD, Deng XH, Torzilli PA, O'Brien SJ, Altchek DW, Warren RF. Biomechanical evaluation of the medial collateral ligament of the elbow. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997;79(8):1223–31.
1986 神經血管解剖學和肘關節鏡:固有風險
Lynch GJ, Meyers JF, Whipple TL, Caspari RB. Neurovascular anatomy and elbow arthroscopy: inherent risks. Arthroscopy. 1986;2(3):190–7.
2007 尺側副韌帶前束的解剖學
Dugas JR, Ostrander RV, Cain EL, Kingsley D, Andrews JR. Anatomy of the anterior bundle of the ulnar collateral ligament. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2007;16(5):657–60.
1991 肘關節周圍韌帶的生物力學研究
Regan WD, Korinek SL, Morrey BF, An KN. Biomechanical study of ligaments around the elbow joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1991;Oct(271):170–9.
2001 高舉投擲運動員的肘關節內側問題
Chen FS, Rokito AS, Jobe FW. Medial elbow prob- lems in the overhead-throwing athlete. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2001;9(2):99–113.
2006 投擲運動員的肘關節外翻不穩定
Ahmad CS, ElAttrache NS. Elbow valgus instabil- ity in the throwing athlete. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006;14(12):693–700.
1994 肘關節鏡檢查:入路置入的屍體研究
Adolfsson L. Arthroscopy of the elbow joint: a cadav- eric study of portal placement. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 1994;3(2):53–61.
2006 肘關節鏡檢查基礎:設置、入路和技術
Plancher KD, Bishai SK. Basics of elbow arthros- copy: setup, portals, and technique. Tech in Orthop. 2006;21(4):239–49.
1985 肘關節鏡檢查
Andrews JR, Carson WG. Arthroscopy of the elbow. Arthroscopy. 1985;1(2):97–107.
1990 肘關節鏡檢查的內側入路
Lindenfeld TN. Medial approach in elbow arthros- copy. Am J Sports Med. 1990;18(4):413–7.
1986 運動員尺側副韌帶重建
Jobe FW, Stark H, Lombardo SJ. Reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament in athletes. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1986;68(8):1158–63.
1994 運動員尺側副韌帶損傷的治療
Jobe FW, El Attrache NS. In: Morrey BF, editor. Treatment of ulnar collateral ligament injuries in ath- letes. New York: Raven Press Limited; 1994.
2001 運動員尺側副韌帶重建:不轉位尺神經的肌肉分離入路
Thompson WH, Jobe FW, Yocum LA, Pink MM. Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in athletes: muscle- splitting approach without transposition of the ulnar nerve. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2001;10(2):152–7.

3. 尺側副韌帶的投擲生物力學

1998年大學生棒球運動員受傷的流行病學研究 McFarland EG, Wasik M. Epidemiology of collegiate baseball injuries. Clin J Sport Med. 1998. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042752-199801000-00003.
2018年大學生棒球運動員肘部尺側副韌帶手術的發生率 Rothermich MA, Conte SA, Aune KT, Fleisig GS, Cain EL, Dugas JR. Incidence of elbow ulnar collateral ligament surgery in collegiate baseball players. Orthop J Sport Med. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967118764657.
2019年 6135名現役職業棒球運動員中內側尺側副韌帶手術的流行率：2018年更新 Leland DP, Conte S, Flynn N, et al. Prevalence of medial ulnar collateral ligament surgery in 6135 current professional baseball players: a 2018 update. Orthop J Sport Med. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967119871442.
2001年美國職棒大聯盟的傷殘天數 Conte S, Requa RK, Garrick JG. Disability days in major league baseball. Am J Sports Med. 2001. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465010290040801.
2019年早期體育專項化與投手上肢損傷以及在美國職棒大聯盟中出賽次數減少的關聯性 Confino J, Irvine JN, O’Connor M, Ahmad CS, Lynch TS. Early sports specialization is associated with upper extremity injuries in throwers and fewer games played in major league baseball. Orthop J Sport Med. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967119861101.
1984年投擲時肩部的肌電圖分析：第二份報告 Jobe FW, Moynes DR, Tibone JE, Perry J. An EMG analysis of the shoulder in pitching: a second report. Am J Sports Med. 1984. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658401200310.
1987年投擲時肘部的肌電圖分析 Sisto DJ, Jobe FW, Moynes DR, Antonelli DJ. An electromyographic analysis of the elbow in pitching. Am J Sports Med. 1987. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658701500314.
1992年投擲時上肢的肌電圖分析 DiGiovine NM, Jobe FW, Pink M, Perry J. An electromyographic analysis of the upper extremity in pitching. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 1992. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1058-2746(09)80011-6.
1988年投擲肩部動態肌電圖分析與肩關節不穩定 Glousman R, Jobe F, Tibone J, Moynes D, Antonelli D, Perry J. Dynamic electromyographic analysis of the throwing shoulder with glenohumeral instability. J Bone Jt Surg – Ser A. 1988. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-198870020-00009.
1985年棒球投球的生物力學：初步報告 Pappas AM, Zawacki RM, Sullivan TJ. Biomechanics of baseball pitching: a preliminary report. Am J Sports Med. 1985. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658501300402.
1993年棒球投球時肘部的生物力學 Werner SL, Fleisig GS, Dillman CJ, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of the elbow during baseball pitching. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1993. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1993.17.6.274.
1995年棒球投球的動力學及其對損傷機制的啟示 Fleisig GS, Andrews JR, Dillman CJ, Escamilla RF. Kinetics of baseball pitching with implications about injury mechanisms. Am J Sports Med. 1995. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659502300218.
2002年上肢和軀幹在上臂投擲時的連續肌肉活動及其功能作用 Hirashima M, Kadota H, Sakurai S, Kudo K, Ohtsuki T. Sequential muscle activity and its functional role in the upper extremity and trunk during overarm throwing. J Sports Sci. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404102753576071.
1997年成人肘部的骨外和骨內動脈解剖 Yamaguchi K, Sweet FA, Bindra R, Morrey BF, Gelberman RH. The extraosseous and intraosseous arterial anatomy of the adult elbow. J Bone Jt Surg – Ser A. 1997. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-199711000-00007.
2017年磁共振成像預測職業棒球投手尺側副韌帶損傷非手術治療失敗的指標 Frangiamore SJ, Lynch TS, Vaughn MD, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging predictors of failure in the nonoperative management of ulnar collateral ligament injuries in professional baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546517699832.
2019年從近端到遠端尺側副韌帶的血供變化：定性描述性屍體研究 Buckley PS, Morris ER, Robbins CM, et al. Variations in blood supply from proximal to distal in the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow: a qualitative descriptive cadaveric study. Am J Sports Med. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546519831693.
1985年肘部韌帶的功能解剖 Morrey BF, An KN. Functional anatomy of the ligaments of the elbow. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-198512000-00015.
1975年尺神經的壓力測量：對肘管綜合症病理生理學的貢獻 Pechan J, Juliš I. The pressure measurement in the ulnar nerve. A contribution to the pathophysiology of the cubital tunnel syndrome. J Biomech. 1975. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(75)90045-7.
1973年肘部尺神經的動態解剖 Apfelberg DB, Larson SJ. Dynamic anatomy of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1973. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-197301000-00014.
2019年尺側副韌帶功能不全影響投擲運動中肘管綜合症的屍體生物力學研究 Mihata T, Akeda M, Künzler M, McGarry MH, Neo M, Lee TQ. Ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency affects cubital tunnel syndrome during throwing motion: a cadaveric biomechanical study. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2019.02.009.
1998年肘部屍體實驗中肘管和尺神經隨肘部屈曲的間質壓力和橫截面面積的變化 Gelberman RH, Yamaguchi K, Hollstien SB, et al. Changes in interstitial pressure and cross-sectional area of the cubital tunnel and of the ulnar nerve with flexion of the elbow: an experimental study in human cadavera. J Bone Jt Surg – Ser A. 1998. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-199804000-00005.
2006年投手肘：外翻伸展過度綜合症的關節鏡治療 O’Holleran JD, Altchek DW. The Thrower’s elbow: arthroscopic treatment of valgus extension overload syndrome. HSS J. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11420-005-5124-6.
2003年投擲運動員的肘部損傷：當前概念回顧 Cain EL, Dugas JR, Wolf RS, Andrews JR. Elbow injuries in throwing athletes: a current concepts review. Am J Sports Med. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465030310042601.

4. 監控投擲動作：當前的可穿戴設備和分析技術

5. 尺側副韌帶損傷的預防策略

2019年教練，讓我上場：青少年棒球參與度上升 Nuckols B. Put me in, coach: youth baseball participation on the rise. USA Today. 2019;August(23):2019.
2004年高中棒球運動員尺側副韌帶重建：臨床結果與受傷風險因素 Petty DH, Andrews JR, Fleisig GS, Cain EL. Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in high school baseball players: clinical results and injury risk factors. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(5):1158–64.
2012年預防青少年棒球投手的肘部受傷 Fleisig GS, Andrews JR. Prevention of elbow injuries in youth baseball pitchers. Sports Health. 2012;4(5):419–24.
2014年青少年棒球風險投擲活動與受傷：全國樣本的發現 Yang J, Mann BJ, Guettler JH, Dugas JR, Irrgang JJ, Fleisig GS, et al. Risk-prone pitching activities and injuries in youth baseball: findings from a national sample. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(6):1456–63.
2015年青少年棒球運動員手臂疼痛調查：健康球員的調查 Makhni EC, Morrow ZS, Luchetti TJ, Mishra-Kalyani PS, Gualtieri AP, Lee RW, et al. Arm pain in youth baseball players: a survey of healthy players. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(1):41–6.
2019年早期運動專業化 Popkin CA, Bayomy AF, Ahmad CS. Early sport specialization. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2019;27(22)–e1000.
2011年青少年棒球投手嚴重受傷的風險：一項為期十年的前瞻性研究 Fleisig GS, Andrews JR, Cutter GR, Weber A, Loftice J, McMichael C, et al. Risk of serious injury for young baseball pitchers: a 10-year prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(2):253–7.
2006年青少年棒球投手肩部和肘部受傷的風險因素 Olsen SJ 2nd, Fleisig GS, Dun S, Loftice J, Andrews JR. Risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(6):905–12.
2012年成長與成熟對青少年男子手球運動員功能能力和技術表現的貢獻 Matthys SP, Vaeyens R, Coelho ESMJ, Lenoir M, Philippaerts R. The contribution of growth and maturation in the functional capacity and skill performance of male adolescent handball players. Int J Sports Med. 2012;33(7):543–9.
2018年棒球傷害預防：從青少年到專業選手 Melugin HP, Leafblad ND, Camp CL, Conte S. Injury prevention in baseball: from youth to the pros. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2018;11(1):26–34.
2015年青少年與少年投手受傷歷史的相關因素 Chalmers PN, Sgroi T, Riff AJ, Lesniak M, Sayegh ET, Verma NN, et al. Correlates with history of injury in youth and adolescent pitchers. Arthroscopy. 2015;31(7):1349–57.
2008年青少年棒球投手不同投球的生物力學比較：曲球是否有潛在危害？ Dun S, Loftice J, Fleisig GS, Kingsley D, Andrews JR. A biomechanical comparison of youth baseball pitches: is the curveball potentially harmful? Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(4):686–92.
2009年青少年棒球投手快速球和曲球的生物力學比較 Nissen CW, Westwell M, Ounpuu S, Patel M, Solomito M, Tate J. A biomechanical comparison of the fastball and curveball in adolescent baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(8):1492–8.
2019年模擬比賽對青少年棒球投手各種投球類型上肢投球力學和肌肉活動的影響 Oliver GD, Plummer H, Henning L, Saper M, Glimer G, Brambeck A, et al. Effects of a simulated game on upper extremity pitching mechanics and muscle activations among various pitch types in youth baseball pitchers. J Pediatr Orthop. 2019;39(8):387–93.
2020年大聯盟投手智庫計劃 Major League Baseball. Major League Baseball; 2020.
2015年青少年棒球運動員的傷害預防知識和過度使用投球受傷的風險因素 Bohne C, George SZ, Zeppieri GJ. Knowledge of injury prevention and prevalence of risk factors for throwing injuries in a sample of youth baseball players. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2015;10(4):464–75.
2012年大眾對Tommy John手術的看法 Ahmad CS, Grantham WJ, Greiwe RM. Public perceptions of Tommy John surgery. Phys Sportsmed. 2012;40(2):64–72.
2009年投球生物力學對青少年與少年棒球投手上肢的影響 Davis JT, Limpisvasti O, Fluhme D, Mohr KJ, Yocum LA, Elattrache NS, et al. The effect of pitching biomechanics on the upper extremity in youth and adolescent baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(8):1484–91.
2018年青少年棒球教練對投球次數指導和過度使用投球受傷的認識仍然不足 Knapik DM, Continenza SM, Hoffman K, Gilmore A. Youth baseball coach awareness of pitch count guidelines and overuse throwing injuries remains deficient. J Pediatr Orthop. 2018;38(10)–e8.
1994年過重與過輕訓練對投球速度的影響 DeRenne CBB, Hetzler RK, Ho KW. Effects of under-and-overweighted implement training on pitching velocity. J Strength Cond Res. 1994;8:247–50.
2001年普通、專項和特定抗阻訓練對棒球投擲速度的影響：簡要回顧 Derenne C, Ho KW, Murphy JC. Effects of general, special, and specific resistance training on throwing velocity in baseball: a brief review. J Strength Cond Res. 2001;15(1):148–56.
2009年棒球加重訓練的效果：簡要回顧 Derenne CSD. Effects of baseball weighted implement training: a brief review. Strength Cond J. 2009;31:30–7.
2000年過重和過輕棒球投擲對投擲速度和準確性的影響 Escamilla RF, Speer KP, Fleisig GS, Barrentine SW, Andrews JR. Effects of throwing overweight and underweight baseballs on throwing velocity and accuracy. Sports Med. 2000;29(4):259–72.
2017年棒球投手加重球訓練的生物力學分析 Fleisig GS, Diffendaffer AZ, Aune KT, Ivey B, Laughlin WA. Biomechanical analysis of weighted-ball exercises for baseball pitchers. Sports Health. 2017;9(3):210–5.
2018年六周加重棒球投擲訓練計劃對投球速度、投球手臂生物力學、被動活動範圍和受傷率的影響 Reinold MM, Macrina LC, Fleisig GS, Aune K, Andrews JR. Effect of a 6-week weighted baseball throwing program on pitch velocity, pitching arm biomechanics, passive range of motion, and injury rates. Sports Health. 2018;10(4):327–33.
2020年 Driveline棒球訓練 www.drivelinebaseball.com. 2020.
2009年尺骨副韌帶不全棒球選手的肩胛內旋缺陷。Dines JS, Frank JB, Akerman M, Yocum LA. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficits in baseball players with ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(3):566–70.
2013年被診斷患有尺骨副韌帶撕裂的棒球選手相比健康對照組顯示平衡減少。Garrison JC, Arnold A, Macko MJ, Conway JE. Baseball players diagnosed with ulnar collateral ligament tears demonstrate decreased balance compared to healthy controls. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013;43(10):752–8.
2016年 18個賽季內大聯盟棒球的傷害趨勢。Conte S, Camp CL, Dines JS. Injury trends in major league baseball over 18 seasons: 1998–2015. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2016;45(3):116–23.
2016年大聯盟棒球選手肘部內側副韌帶重建：我們目前處於何種地步？Erickson BJ, Bach BRJ, Bush-Joseph CA, Verma NN, Romeo AA. Medial ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction of the elbow in major league baseball players: where do we stand? World J Orthop. 2016;7(6):355–60.
2019年投球釋放位置對大聯盟棒球投手尺骨副韌帶重建風險的影響。Portney DA, Buchler LT, Lazaroff JM, Gryzlo SM, Saltzman MD. Influence of pitching release location on ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction risk among major league baseball pitchers. Orthop J Sports Med. 2019;7(2):2325967119826540.
2016年大聯盟棒球投球速度和投球類型與尺骨副韌帶損傷風險相關聯。Keller RA, Marshall NE, Guest JM, Okoroha KR, Jung EK, Moutzouros V. Major League Baseball pitch velocity and pitch type associated with risk of ulnar collateral ligament injury. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2016;25(4):671–5.
2013年短賽季小聯盟棒球快速球速度趨勢。Crotin RL, Bhan S, Karakolis T, Ramsey DK. Fastball velocity trends in short-season minor league baseball. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(8):2206–12.
2017年主要聯盟棒球選手初次尺骨副韌帶重建後的投球工作負荷及修正手術風險。Keller RA, Mehran N, Marshall NE, Okoroha KR, Khalil L, Tibone JE, et al. Major League pitching workload after primary ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction and risk for revision surgery. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2017;26(2):288–94.
2019年專業和業餘棒球投手對尺骨副韌帶損傷風險的觀點。Vance DD, Alexander FJ, Kunkle BW, Littlefield M, Ahmad CS. Professional and amateur pitchers’ perspective on the ulnar collateral ligament injury risk. Orthop J Sports Med. 2019;7(6):2325967119850777.
2016年快速球速有助於預測大聯盟棒球投手的尺骨副韌帶重建手術。Chalmers PN, Erickson BJ, Ball B, Romeo AA, Verma NN. Fastball pitch velocity helps predict ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in major league baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(8):2130–5.

6. 外展過度

7. 尺肱軟骨和韌帶過載

8. 肘部尺側副韌帶損傷的流行病學

診斷(第9-12章):涵蓋病史、體格檢查和各種影像學檢查方法

9. 投擲者肘部的歷史和體格檢查

10. 肘部的放射影像學檢查

11. 尺側副韌帶損傷患者的磁共振成像（MRI）

12. 尺側副韌帶損傷的超聲波影像學檢查

保守治療(第13-14章):介紹非手術治療和生物製劑的應用

13. 尺側副韌帶損傷的保守治療

14. 生物製劑在尺側副韌帶損傷中的作用

手術治療(第15-27章):詳細描述各種UCL重建技術、併發症和特殊情況的處理

15. 尺側副韌帶重建的手術進展

16. 尺側副韌帶重建：移植物選擇和採集技術

17. 尺側副韌帶損傷的初步修復

18. 尺側副韌帶的修復和內部支撐增強

19. 尺側副韌帶損傷的關節鏡應用

20. 重建結構的生物力學

21. 八字技術及其結果

22. 尺側副韌帶重建：對接技術

23. 尺側副韌帶重建：美國運動醫學研究所的技術和結果

24. 尺側副韌帶重建：替代手術技術

25. 屈肌-旋前肌群和尺側副韌帶損傷的聯合處理

26. 投擲運動員的尺神經問題

27. 尺側副韌帶重建的修正手術

28. 棒球位置球員的尺側副韌帶損傷

29. 非投擲運動員的尺側副韌帶損傷管理

30. 女性運動員的尺側副韌帶損傷

31. 高中運動員的尺側副韌帶損傷

2004 一項關於小聯盟肘部的臨床和X光研究 Hang DW, Chao CM, Hang YS. A clinical and roent- genographic study of Little League elbow. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(1):79–84. (PubMed PMID: 14754727).
2002 投球類型、投球數量和投球機制對青少年棒球投手肘部和肩部疼痛風險的影響 Lyman S, Fleisig GS, Andrews JR, Osinski ED. Effect of pitch type, pitch count, and pitching mechanics on risk of elbow and shoulder pain in youth base- ball pitchers. Am J Sports Med. 2002;30(4):463–8. (PubMed PMID: 12130397).
2015 青少年棒球運動員的手臂疼痛:健康球員調查 Makhni EC, Morrow ZS, Luchetti TJ, Mishra-Kalyani PS, Gualtieri AP, Lee RW, Ahmad CS. Arm Pain in youth baseball players: a survey of healthy players. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(1):41–6. (PubMed PMID: 25367016).
2005 小聯盟肘部 Benjamin HJ, Briner WW Jr. Little league elbow. Clin J Sport Med. 2005;15(1):37–40. (PubMed PMID: 15654190).
1986 運動員的尺側側副韌帶重建 Jobe FW, Stark H, Lombardo SJ. Reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament in athletes. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1986;68(8):1158–63. (PubMed PMID: 3771597).
2004 高中棒球運動員的尺側側副韌帶重建:臨床結果和傷害風險因素 Petty DH, Andrews JR, Fleisig GS, Cain EL. Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in high school base- ball players: clinical results and injury risk factors. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(5):1158–64. (PubMed PMID: 15262637).
2016 尺側側副韌帶重建的流行病學:紐約州10年研究 Hodgins JL, Vitale M, Arons RR, Ahmad CS. Epidemiology of medial ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction: a 10-year study in New York State. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(3):729–34. (PubMed PMID: 26797699).
2015 美國尺側側副韌帶重建趨勢:2007-2011年大型私人支付數據庫的回顧性研究 Erickson BJ, Nwachukwu BU, Rosas S, Schairer WW, McCormick FM, Bach BR, Rush-Joseph CA, Romeo AA. Trends in medial ulnar collateral ligament recon- struction in the United States: A retrospective review of a large private-payer database from 2007-2011. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(7):1770–4. (PubMed PMID: 26129959)
2012 公眾對湯米·約翰手術的看法 Ahmad CS, Grantham WJ, Greiwe RM. Public per- ceptions of Tommy John surgery. Phys Sportsmed. 2012;40(2):64–72. (PubMed PMID: 22759607).
2005 青少年/小聯盟棒球運動員肩胛肱關節的旋轉運動變化 Meister K, Day T, Horodyski M, Kaminski TW, Wasik MP, Tillman S. Rotational motion changes in the glenohumeral joint of the adolescent/Little League baseball player. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33(5):693–8. (PubMed PMID: 15722284).
2006 青少年棒球運動員的肩部適應性變化 Levine WN, Brandon ML, Stein BS, Gardner TR, Bigliani LU, Ahmad CS. Shoulder adaptive changes in youth baseball players. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2006;15(5):562–6. (PubMed PMID: 16920368).
2004 棒球運動員肩胛肱關節平移的定量評估:投手與非投手運動員的比較 Sethi PM. Quantitative assessment of glenohumeral translation in baseball players: a comparison of pitch- ers versus nonpitching athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(7):1711–5. (PubMed PMID: 15494337).
2002 職業棒球投手肩胛肱關節的骨性適應和運動範圍 Crockett HC, Gross LB, Wilk KE, Schwartz ML, Reed J, O'Mara J, et al. Osseous adaptation and range of motion at the glenohumeral joint in professional baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med. 2002;30(1):20–6. (PubMed PMID: 11798991).
2002 大學棒球運動員肱骨後翻及其與肩胛肱關節旋轉的關係 Reagan KM, Meister K, Horodyski MB, Werner DW, Carruthers C, Wilk K. Humeral retroversion and its relationship to glenohumeral rotation in the shoul- der of college baseball players. Am J Sports Med. 2002;30(3):354–60. (PubMed PMID: 12016075).
2002 大學棒球投手投球肩部的肱骨後翻 Osbahr DC, Cannon DL, Speer KP. Retroversion of the humerus in the throwing shoulder of college base- ball pitchers. Am J Sports Med. 2002;30(3):347–53. (PubMed PMID: 12016074).
2004 骨骼未成熟棒球運動員主導肩部的生理變化和運動範圍差異 Mair SD, Uhl TL, Robbe RG, Brindle KA. Physeal changes and range-of-motion differences in the dominant shoulders of skeletally immature baseball players. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2004;13(5):487–91. (PubMed 15383802).
2011 高中壘球和棒球運動員肩部運動範圍測量作為肩部和肘部傷害的風險因素 Shanley E, Rauh MJ, Michener LA, Ellenbecker TS, Garrison JC, Thigpen CA. Shoulder range of motion measures as risk factors for shoulder and elbow inju- ries in high school softball and baseball players. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(9):1997–2006. (PubMed PMID: 21685316).
2012 尺側側副韌帶撕裂的棒球運動員的肩部運動範圍缺陷 Garrison JC, Cole MA, Conway JE, Macko MJ, Thigpen C, Shanley E. Shoulder range of motion defi- cits in baseball players with an ulnar collateral liga- ment tear. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40(11):2597–603. (PubMed PMID: 23019251).
1994 成長中肘部的尺側側副韌帶:正常發育和投擲傷害的核磁共振成像 Sugimoto H, Ohsawa T. Ulnar collateral liga- ment in the growing elbow: MR imaging of nor- mal development and throwing injuries. Radiology. 1994;192(2):417–22. (PubMed PMID: 8029407).
2018 青少年棒球運動員內側肘部傷害預防計劃的有效性 Sakata J, Nakamura E, Suzuki T, Suzukawa M, Akaike A, Shimizu K, Hirose N. Efficacy of a prevention pro- gram for medial elbow injuries in youth baseball play- ers. Am J Sports Med. 2018;46(2):460–9. (PubMed PMID: 29095655).
2009 投球生物力學對青少年和青春期棒球投手上肢的影響 Davis JT, Limpisvasti O, Fluhme D, Mohr KJ, Yocum LA, Elattrache NS, et al. The effect of pitch- ing biomechanics on the upper extremity in youth and adolescent baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(8):1484–91. (PubMed PMID: 19633301).
1999 不同發展水平棒球投球的運動學和動力學比較 Fleisig GS, Barrentine SW, Zheng N, Escamilla RF, Andrews JR. Kinematic and kinetic comparison of baseball pitching among various levels of develop- ment. J Biomech. 1999;32(12):1371–5. (PubMed PMID: 10569718).
2008 青少年棒球投球的生物力學比較:曲球是否有潛在危害? Dun S, Loftice J, Fleisig GS, Kingsley D, Andrews JR. A biomechanical comparison of youth baseball pitches: is the curveball potentially harmful? Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(4):686–92. (PubMed PMID: 18055920).
2006 青少年棒球投手肩部和肘部傷害的風險因素 Olsen SJ 2nd, Fleisig GS, Dun S, Loftice J, Andrews JR. Risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(6):905–12. (PubMed PMID: 16452269).
2019 小聯盟棒球運動員的進行性肘部磁共振成像異常很常見:3年縱向評估 Holt JB, Pedowitz JM, Stearns PH, Bastrom TP, Dennis MM, Dwek JR, Pennock AT. Progressive elbow magnetic resonance imaging abnormali- ties in Little League baseball players are com- mon: A 3-year longitudinal evaluation. Am J Sports Med. 2019;4:363546519888647. (PubMed PMID: 31801034).
2019 青少年棒球運動員肘部和肩部傷害的風險因素:系統性回顧 Norton R, Honstad C, Joshi R, Silvis M, Chinchilli V, Dhawan A. Risk factors for elbow and shoulder injuries in adolescent baseball players: A system- atic review. Am J Sports Med. 2019;47(4):982–90. (PubMed PMID: 29630388).
2012 投球速度是未受傷高中棒球投手內側肘部牽拉力的預測因子 Hurd WJ, Jazayeri R, Mohr K, Limpisvasti O, Elattrache NS, Kaufman KR. Pitch velocity is a predictor of medial elbow distraction forces in the uninjured high school-aged baseball pitcher. Sports Health. 2012;4(5):415–8. (PubMed PMID: 23016114. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3435942).
2016 小聯盟棒球運動員賽前肘部X光異常評估 Pennock AT, Pytiak A, Stearns P, Roocroft JH, Dwek J, Kruk P, Bastrom TP. Preseason assessment of radio- graphic abnormalities in elbows of little league base- ball players. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016;98(9):761–7. (PubMed PMID: 27147689).
1996 美國棒球新聞醫療與安全諮詢委員會特別報告:我應該允許我的孩子投多少球? Andrews JR, Fleisig GS. USA Baseball News Medical & Safety Advisory Committee special report: how many pitches should I allow my child to throw? USA Baseball News. 1996;1996:1.
2005 肘部尺側側副韌帶 Safran M, Ahmad CS, Elattrache NS. Ulnar col- lateral ligament of the elbow. Arthroscopy. 2005;21(11):1381–95. (PubMed PMID: 16325092).
2005 肘部內側側副韌帶撕裂的"移動外翻應力測試" O'Driscoll SWM. The "moving valgus stress test" for medial collateral ligament tears of the elbow. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33(2):231–9. (PubMed PMID: 15701609).
2014 尺側側副韌帶(UCL)傷害可預期多少外翻不穩定性?對273名UCL受傷棒球運動員的回顧 Bruce JR, Hess R, Joyner P, Andrews JR. How much valgus instability can be expected with ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries? A review of 273 baseball players with UCL injuries. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014;23(10):1521–6. (PubMed PMID: 25220199).
1998 職業棒球投手的內側肘關節鬆弛度:使用應力放射線攝影的雙側比較 Ellenbecker TS, Mattalino AJ, Elam EA, Caplinger RA. Medial elbow joint laxity in professional baseball pitchers. A bilateral comparison using stress radiogra- phy. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26(3):420–4. (PubMed PMID: 9617406).
2010 與小聯盟肘部相關的臨床和磁共振成像發現 Wei AS, Khana S, Limpisvasti O, Crues J, Podesta L, Yocum LA. Clinical and magnetic resonance imag- ing findings associated with Little League elbow. J Pediatr Orthop. 2010;30(7):715–9. (PubMed PMID: 20864859).
2011 未受傷的高中年齡棒球投手投球肘部的磁共振成像 Hurd WJ, Eby S, Kaufman KR, Murthy NS. Magnetic resonance imaging of the throwing elbow in the unin- jured, high school-aged baseball pitcher. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(4):722–8. (PubMed PMID: 21228309).
2015 年輕職業棒球投手肘部尺側側副韌帶的早期解剖變化:通過應力超聲波識別 Atanda AJ, Buckley PS, Hammoud S, Cohen SB, Nazarian LN, Ciccotti MG. Early anatomic changes of the ulnar collateral ligament identified by stress ultrasound of the elbow in young professional base- ball pitchers. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(12):2943–9. (PubMed PMID: 26403208)
2014 職業棒球投手肘部尺側側副韌帶的應力超聲波檢查:10年研究 Ciccotti MG, Atanda A, Nazarian LN, Dodson CC, Holmes L, Cohen SB. Stress sonography of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow in professional base- ball pitchers: a 10-year study. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(3):544–51. (PubMed PMID: 24473498).
2001 投擲運動員尺側側副韌帶損傷的非手術治療 Rettig AC, Sherrill C, Snead DS, Mendler JC, Mieling P. Nonoperative treatment of ulnar collateral liga- ment injuries in throwing athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2001;29(1):15–7. (PubMed PMID: 11206249).
2003 青少年投擲運動員的康復計劃和預防策略 McFarland EG, Ireland ML. Rehabilitation programs and prevention strategies in adolescent throwing ath- letes. Instr Course Lect. 2003;52:37–42. (PubMed PMID: 12690839).
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2004 屈肌-旋前肌群對肘部外翻穩定性的動態貢獻 Park MC, Ahmad CS. Dynamic contributions of the flexor-pronator mass to elbow valgus stability. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86-A(10):2268–74. (PubMed PMID: 15466738).
2016 血小板富集血漿可成功用於治療高水平投擲者的肘部尺側側副韌帶功能不全 Dines JS, Williams PN, ElAttrache N, Conte S, Tomczyk T, Osbahr DC, Dines DM, Bradley J, Ahmad CS. Platelet-rich plasma can be used to successfully treat elbow ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency in high-level throwers. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2016;45(5):296–300. (PubMed PMID: 27552453).
2013 使用血小板富集血漿治療肘部尺側側副韌帶部分撕裂 Podesta L, Crow SA, Volkmer D, Bert T, Yocum LA. Treatment of partial ulnar collateral ligament tears in the elbow with platelet-rich plasma. Am J Sports Med. 2013;41(7):1689–94. (PubMed PMID: 23666850).
2017 投擲運動員尺側側副韌帶損傷的管理:美國肩肘外科醫師調查 Hurwit DJ, Garcia GH, Liu J, Altchek DW, Romeo A, Dines J. Management of ulnar collateral liga- ment injury in throwing athletes: a survey of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017;26(11):2023–8. (PubMed PMID: 28941974).
2008 年輕運動員肘部尺側側副韌帶損傷的初次修復:韌帶近端和遠端損傷的病例系列 Savoie FH 3rd, Trenhaile SW, Roberts J, Field LD, Ramsey JR. Primary repair of ulnar collateral liga- ment injuries of the elbow in young athletes: a case series of injuries to the proximal and distal ends of the ligament. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(6):1066–72. (PubMed PMID: 18443280).
2016 尺側側副韌帶修復:一個舊想法的新變化 Dugas JR. Ulnar collateral ligament repair: An old idea with a new wrinkle. Am J Orthop (Belle Meade NJ). 2016;45(3):124–7. (PubMed PMID: 26991563).
2016 尺側側副韌帶內部支撐修復與改良Jobe重建的生物力學比較 Dugas JR, Walters BL, Beason DP, Fleisig GS, Chronister JE. Biomechanical comparison of ulnar collateral ligament repair with internal bracing ver- sus modified Jobe reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(3):735–41. (PubMed PMID: 26717972).
2018 尺側側副韌帶重建與內部支撐修復:循環疲勞力學的比較 Jones CM, Beason DP, Dugas JR. Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction versus repair with internal bracing: Comparison of cyclic fatigue mechanics. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018;6(2):2325967118755991. (PubMed PMID: 29479544).

32.青少年投擲者的內側骨骺炎

2007 兒童體育運動中肘部損傷的流行病學回顧 Magra M, Caine D, Maffulli N. A review of epide- miology of paediatric elbow injuries in sports. Sports Med. 2007;37(8):717.
2014 年輕棒球投手的上肢骨骺損傷 Saltzman BM, Chalmers PN, Mascarenhas R, Cole BJ, Romeo AA. Upper extremity physeal injury in young baseball pitchers. Phys Sportsmed. 2014;42(3):100–11.
2006 年輕運動員常見的骨科損傷 Adirim TA, Barouh A. Common orthopaedic injuries in young athletes. Curr Paediatr. 2006;16(3):205–10.
2017 肱骨內上髁骨骺炎和骨軟骨炎的年齡特異性患病率和臨床特徵:4249名運動員的超聲波評估 Otoshi K, Kikuchi S, Kato K, Sato R, Igari T, Kaga T, et al. Age-specific prevalence and clinical char- acteristics of humeral medial epicondyle apophysi- tis and osteochondritis dissecans: ultrasonographic assessment of 4249 players. Orthop J Sport Med. 2017;5(5):2325967117707703.
2002 小聯盟肘:兒童運動員的外翻過度負荷損傷 Klingele KE, Kocher MS. Little league elbow: Valgus overload injury in the paediatric athlete. Sports Med. 2002;32(15):1005–15.
2004 一項關於小聯盟肘部的臨床和X光研究 Hang DW, Chao CM, Hang YS. A clinical and roent- genographic study of Little League elbow. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(1):79–84.
2015 骨骼未成熟運動員的過度使用投擲損傷 - 診斷、治療和預防 Mautner K, Blazuk J. Overuse throwing inju- ries in skeletally immature athletes – diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2015;14(3):209–14.
2019 日本1993年至2016年全國高中棒球邀請賽和全國高中棒球錦標賽投手的肩部和肘部評估 Toritsuka Y, Nakagawa S, Koyanagi M, et al. Shoulder and elbow evaluation of pitchers in National High School Baseball Invitational Tournaments and National High School Baseball Championships from 1993 to 2016 in Japan. J Orthop Sci. 2019;S0949-2658(19):30189–7.
1976 小聯盟調查:尤金研究 Larson RL, Singer KM, Bergstrom R, Thomas S. Little league survey: the Eugene study. Am J Sports Med. 1976;4(5):201–9.
2000 兒童運動員的上肢損傷 Kocher MS, Waters PM, Micheli LJ. Upper extrem- ity injuries in the paediatric athlete. Sports Med. 2000;30(2):117–35.
2010 年輕運動員的運動損傷:長期結果和預防策略 Maffulli N, Longo UG, Spiezia F, et al. Sports injuries in young athletes: long-term outcome and prevention strategies. Phys Sportsmed. 2010;38:29–34.
2011 精英年輕運動員損傷的病因和預防 Maffulli N, Longo UG, Spiezia F, et al. Aetiology and prevention of injuries in elite young athletes. Med Sport Sci. 2011;56:187–200.
2020 青少年運動員的骨骼成熟和生長速度與骨骼和生長板損傷有關 Wik EH, Martínez-Silván D, Farooq A, Cardinale M, Johnson A, Bahr R. Skeletal maturation and growth rates are related to bone and growth plate injuries in adolescent athletics [published online ahead of print, 2020 Feb 8]. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020. 10.1111/ sms.13635.
1916 骨幹在近端和遠端方向的生長測量 Digby KH. The measurement of diaphyseal growth in proximal and distal directions. J Anat Physiol. 1916;50:187–8.
1974 骨骺板軟骨:失效模式的生物力學和組織學分析 Bright RW, Burstein AH, Elmore SM. Epiphyseal- plate cartilage: a biomechanical and histological analysis of failure modes. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1974;56:688–703.
2017 投球力學與傷害之間的關係:當前概念回顧 Chalmers PN, Wimmer MA, Verma NN, et al. The relationship between pitching mechanics and Injury: a review of current concepts. Sports Health. 2017;9(3):216–21.
1993 投球生物力學重點強調肩部運動學 Dillman CJ, Fleisig GS, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of pitching with emphasis upon shoulder kinematics. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1993;18(2):402–8.
1996 過頭投擲的生物力學及其對損傷的影響 Fleisig GS, Barrentine SW, Escamilla RF, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of overhand throwing with impli- cations for injuries. Sports Med. 1996;21(6):421–37.
2009 不同競技水平棒球投球生物力學的變異性 Fleisig G, Chu Y, Weber A, Andrews J. Variability in baseball pitching biomechanics among various levels of competition. Sports Biomech. 2009;8(1):10–21.
1993 棒球投球時肘部的生物力學 Werner SL, Fleisig GS, Dillman CJ, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of the elbow during baseball pitch- ing. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1993;17(6):274–8.
2016 棒球運動員的外翻伸展過度負荷 Paulino FE, Villacis DC, Ahmad CS. Valgus exten- sion overload in baseball players. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2016;45(3):144–51.
2008 肘部的解剖和生物力學 Bryce CD, Armstrong AD. Anatomy and bio- mechanics of the elbow. Orthop Clin North Am. 2008;39(2):141–v.
1985 棒球投球的生物力學:初步報告 Pappas AM, Zawacki RM, Sullivan TJ. Biomechanics of baseball pitching. A preliminary report. Am J Sports Med. 1985;13(4):216–22.
2016 疲勞對青少年男性投手棒球投球力學的影響 Erickson BJ, Sgori T, Chalmers PN, et al. The impact of fatigue on baseball pitching mechanics in adoles- cent male pitchers. Arthroscopy. 2016;32(5):762–71.
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1960 小聯盟肘 Brogdon BS, Crow MD. Little Leaguer's elbow. Am J Roentgenol. 1960;83:671–5.
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2017 兒童過頭投擲運動員的肘部損傷 Wong TT, Dana JL, Ayyala RS, Kazam JK. Elbow injuries in pediatric overhead athletes. Am J Roentgenol. 2017;209(4):849–59.
2010 兒童投擲運動員的肘部損傷 Kijowski R, Tuite MJ. Pediatric throwing inju- ries of the elbow. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2010;14(4):419–29.
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2015 運動專項化,第一部分:早期運動專項化是否會增加年輕運動員的負面結果並減少成功的機會? Myer GD, Jayanthi N, Difiori JP, Faigenbaum AD, Kiefer AW, Logerstedt D, et al. Sport specialization, Part I: does early sports specialization increase nega- tive outcomes and reduce the opportunity for success in young athletes? Sports Health. 2015;7(5):437–42.
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2006 青少年棒球投手肩部和肘部損傷的風險因素 Olsen SJ, Fleisig GS, Dun S, Loftice J, Andrews JR. Risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(6):905–12.
2020 美國棒球智能投球 - 投球指南 USA Baseball. Pitch smart – pitching guidelines [Internet]. MLB Advanced Media 2020. Retrieved 19 Feb 2020, from https://www.mlb.com/pitch-smart/ pitching-guidelines.
2001 青少年棒球投手肘部和肩部疼痛的縱向研究 Lyman S, Fleisig GS, Waterbor JW, Funkhouser EM, Pulley L, Andrews JR, et al. Longitudinal study of elbow and shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(11):1803–10.
2016 各級青少年比賽中健康投手的投球力學、球種和投球數量的流行病學比較 Riff AJ, Chalmers PN, Sgroi T, et al. Epidemiologic comparison of pitching mechanics, pitch type, and pitch counts among healthy pitchers at vari- ous levels of youth competition. Arthroscopy. 2016;32(8):1559–68.
2012 對投球數量建議的了解和遵守情況:青少年棒球教練調查 Fazarale JJ, Magnussen RA, Pedroza AD, Kaeding CC, Best TM, Classie J. Knowledge of and compli- ance with pitch count recommendations: a survey of youth baseball coaches [published correction appears in Sports Health. 2013; 5(6):569. Best, Thomas M [added]; Classie, Justin [added]]. Sports Health 2012;4(3):202–204.
2018 青少年棒球教練對投球數量指南和過度使用投擲損傷的認識仍然不足 Knapik DM, Continenza SM, Hoffman K, Gilmore A. Youth baseball coach awareness of pitch count guidelines and overuse throwing injuries remains deficient. J Pediatr Orthop. 2018;38(10):e623–8.
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2018 青少年投擲運動員的肘部損傷 Griffith TB, Kercher J, Clifton Willimon S, Perkins C, Duralde XA. Elbow injuries in the adolescent thrower. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2018;11(1):35–47.

33. 尺側副韌帶重建的併發症

34. 尺側副韌帶重建的運動特定結果

35. 頭頂運動員肘部的康復

36. 尺側副韌帶手術後的運動特定康復

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文獻摘要——利用獨立於胸椎與肱骨的肩胛骨模型，探討棒球投擲中近端到遠端順序對最大肩關節角度以及肩關節內部撞擊風險的影響

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