代名詞 (Pronoun) 在多益測驗中扮演著舉足輕重的角色，它們不僅能簡化句子，也能避免名詞重複。本篇講義將專注於代詞的各種類型及其在句子中的功能，特別是您感到困惑的人稱代詞與反身代詞的區別。
一、代名詞的類型與功能
- 例：
Their first proposal wasn't as complete as **ours**. - 解析： 句子比較的是兩份「提案」，為避免重複提到
proposal，使用ours來替代our proposal，使句子更為精簡。
二、反身代名詞 (Reflexive Pronouns) 的用法
反身代詞 (以 -self 或 -selves 結尾) 是多益測驗的常考點，判斷的關鍵在於動詞的主詞和受詞是否為同一人或同一事物。
規則 1：主詞與受詞相同 當動詞的主詞所做的動作作用在它自己本身時，必須使用反身代詞。
- 例：
The CEO has distinguished **himself** yet again. - 解析：
- 主詞： The CEO (執行長)
- 受詞： himself (他自己)
- 關係：是「執行長」這個人使「他自己」脫穎而出。主詞和受詞是同一個人，故使用 himself。
規則 2：主詞與受詞不同 當動詞的主詞和受詞是不同的對象時，則使用一般的人稱代詞。
- 例：
Her unique painting style distinguishes **her** from other artists. - 解析：
- 主詞： Her unique painting style (她的風格)
- 受詞： her (她)
- 關係：是「風格」這個事物讓「她」與眾不同。主詞和受詞是不同的，故使用 her。
總結：
distinguish + 反身代詞：表示「某人使自己脫穎而出」。distinguish + 人稱代詞：表示「某事物使某人脫穎而出」。
三、虛主詞 / 虛受詞 It
it 經常被當作虛主詞或虛受詞使用，它的作用是預告或指代後面出現的真正主詞或受詞，通常是一個 that 子句或不定詞片語。
1. 作虛受詞
- 句型：
find/consider/make/think + it + 形容詞 + that子句 - 例：
I also find **it** amusing that you have a pleasant time studying English. - 解析： 這裡的
it是一個「佔位符」，真正讓我覺得「amusing」（有趣）的是後面的that子句，也就是「你學英文學得很愉快這件事」。
2. 作虛主詞
- 句型：
It is + 形容詞 + to V / that子句 - 例：
It is important to exercise regularly. - 解析： 真正的主詞是
to exercise regularly（定期運動），it只是用來引導句子。
多益文法練習題 — 第一篇：代名詞
請從 (A)、(B)、(C)、(D) 四個選項中，選出最適合填入空格的答案。
- The team members agreed to do the project all by ____ to ensure the work was done to their standards. (A) they (B) them (C) their (D) themselves
- Ms. Anderson told the new hire that she could always ask ____ for assistance if she had any questions about the job. (A) she (B) her (C) herself (D) hers
- The sales director was proud of his team because he believed that ____ was the best in the company. (A) they (B) them (C) their (D) theirs
- I find ____ impressive that our company has been able to expand into the international market so quickly. (A) that (B) what (C) it (D) those
- The company president will personally deliver the award to the employee who has distinguished ____ with outstanding performance. (A) he (B) his (C) himself (D) him
- The new policy is designed to reduce costs, which is a major concern for both management and ____. (A) us (B) our (C) ourselves (D) we
- The customer had to carry the large television ____ out of the store since no staff members were available to help. (A) he (B) him (C) himself (D) his
- Marketing research suggests that the appeal of our new product is not as strong as ____ of our competitor's. (A) it (B) that (C) them (D) those
- My boss asked me to prepare the report ____ so that he could review it this afternoon. (A) myself (B) my (C) I (D) me
- The company considers ____ a privilege to sponsor such a prestigious charity event every year. (A) that (B) what (C) it
多益文法練習題 — 第一篇：代名詞詳解
- The team members agreed to do the project all by ____ to ensure the work was done to their standards.
答案：(D) themselves
詳解： 句子主詞是 The team members（團隊成員，複數），動詞 do 的動作是他們自己執行的。by + 反身代詞 是固定用法，表示「獨自地」、「靠自己」。由於主詞是複數，所以要用 themselves。
- Ms. Anderson told the new hire that she could always ask ____ for assistance if she had any questions about the job.
答案：(B) her
詳解： 這裡的 she 指的是 the new hire（新進員工）。她可以向 Ms. Anderson 請求協助。ask 的受詞是 Ms. Anderson，所以要用受格代詞 her。主詞 she 和受詞 her 指的是不同的人，因此不能用反身代詞 herself。
- The sales director was proud of his team because he believed that ____ was the best in the company.
答案：(D) theirs
詳解： 空格處需要一個所有格代名詞，來替代 his team。句子的意思是他相信「他的團隊」是公司裡最好的。theirs 是所有格代名詞，用來替代 their team，符合語法和語意。
- I find ____ impressive that our company has been able to expand into the international market so quickly.
答案：(C) it
詳解： 這是 find + it + 形容詞 + that子句 的固定句型。it 在這裡扮演虛受詞的角色，指代後面真正的受詞，也就是 that 引導的子句。
- The company president will personally deliver the award to the employee who has distinguished ____ with outstanding performance.
答案：(C) himself
詳解： distinguish 這個動詞的動作作用於主詞 who (指代 the employee) 本身。是「他自己」使自己與眾不同。因此，需要用反身代詞 himself。
- The new policy is designed to reduce costs, which is a major concern for both management and ____.
答案：(A) us
詳解： for 是一個介系詞，後面需要接一個受格代詞。us 是 we 的受格，符合文法。
- The customer had to carry the large television ____ out of the store since no staff members were available to help.
答案：(C) himself
詳解： 這句話的動詞 carry 的動作是主詞 The customer 自己完成的，用來強調「親自、獨立地」做這件事。在這種情況下，使用反身代詞 himself 來加強語氣。
- Marketing research suggests that the appeal of our new product is not as strong as ____ of our competitor's.
答案：(B) that
詳解： 句子比較的是 the appeal（吸引力）這個單數名詞，後面需要一個代詞來指代它，以避免重複。that 可以用來指代單數可數或不可數名詞。those 則用於複數名詞。
- My boss asked me to prepare the report ____ so that he could review it this afternoon.
答案：(A) myself
詳解： 在這裡，myself 用作反身代詞來強調「我」親自做這件事。雖然沒有 by myself，但單獨使用 myself 也有加強語氣的效果，表示「我本人親自」。
- The company considers ____ a privilege to sponsor such a prestigious charity event every year.
答案：(C) it
詳解： 這也是一個虛受詞的用法。句型為 consider + it + 名詞 + to V。it 作為虛受詞，指代後面的不定詞片語 to sponsor...，也就是「贊助這場活動這件事」。
