如何增進乳酸閾值How to increase lactate threshold

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當你從事乳酸閾值測驗(不論是20分鐘測驗或漸增測試,每隔固定時間會採血檢測乳酸鹽濃度),會得到一張這樣的圖表如右上。不論你是用心律或是功率計,乳酸鹽濃度可以對照心律或功率變化。

我們要如何增進乳酸閾值,就是從圖表上的藍線變成紅線(相同瓦數,原產出較高乳酸鹽,變成較低乳酸鹽)。有兩個方法可以幫助你:1減少乳酸產出(lactate apperence)2增加乳酸清除能力(lactate clearance)。乳酸鹽是身體從事有氧工作的副產物,當你的體能進步時,乳酸累積的速度較慢且清除的速度較快,讓你的身體不致因為累積大量乳酸停止工作,無論在單車、跑步、游泳訓練皆同。

為了減少乳酸產出,我們需要增加基本的有氧能力(aerobic engines),讓身體工作時更多的使用脂肪而非氧氣,且更有效的分解碳水化合物,擴大有氧能力區間,減少使用無氧能力,能讓你負荷更大的訓練量。以馬拉松跑者來說,基本有氧能力訓練是LSD(long slow distance),以單車來說則是兩小時Z2騎乘,對某些初學者而言,甚至只是每日增加30-60分鐘的散步。

為了增加如酸清除能力,我們需要刺激身體產出乳酸鹽,並且讓身體學習快速代謝。間歇訓練(interval)能有效做到,例如5分鐘超出乳酸閾值功率5分鐘低於乳酸閾值。間歇訓練會使身體有極大消耗且需更多恢復時間(taxing),建議間歇訓練只占總訓練量25%-30%。可以試著結合上述兩者訓練,在基礎有氧訓練的最後15-20分鐘才做間歇訓練。

若是為了參加比賽,我們可以針對乳酸閾值區間訓練,以增加身體的適應性。 雖然在短期內可以見效,但長期而言仍需增加基礎有氧訓練,並結合間歇訓練。


心得與應用:

很多車友都在練車,但練車到底是在練什麼?同樣一條路一直騎就會跟得上別人嗎?要怎樣才能騎上山?要怎樣才能超過100公里?多數人都是以類似這樣的數字做為目標,但是,這個目標必須要更加具象化,騎乘能力提升事實上就是從藍線變成紅線的過程,一旦有這樣的認知,練車的方法也會明確許多。騎乘能力提升也就是乳酸閾值提升,原本240W就會產生2mml乳酸鹽,變成270W才會產生2mml乳酸鹽,白話來說就是原本240W就快要爆了,現在要270W才會爆,那就是速度變快了。

雖然本篇提到訓練方法,但仍然不夠明確,每週怎麼安排?每天怎麼安排?並沒有說明。

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