### Course Outline
### Lesson 1: Critical Thinking and Logic
### 課程1：批判性思維與邏輯
**Goal:**
**目標：**
- Develop children's critical thinking skills and learn to identify and avoid common logical fallacies.
- 培養孩子的批判性思維能力，學會辨別和避免常見的邏輯謬誤。
**Content:**
**內容：**
- Fundamentals of critical thinking
- 批判性思維的基礎
- Common logical fallacies (e.g., ad hominem, straw man, appeal to emotion)
- 常見的邏輯謬誤（例如：人身攻擊、稻草人論證、訴諸情感等）
**Activities:**
**活動：**
- Case analysis: Identifying logical fallacies in stories
- 案例分析：辨別故事中的邏輯謬誤
- Group discussion: Create your own logic puzzles and challenge classmates
- 小組討論：設計自己的邏輯謎題並挑戰同學
### Lesson 2: Cognitive Biases and Psychology
### 課程2：認知偏差與心理學
**Goal:**
**目標：**
- Understand how cognitive biases affect our thinking and decision-making.
- 理解認知偏差如何影響我們的思維和決策。
**Content:**
**內容：**
- Common cognitive biases (e.g., confirmation bias, availability bias)
- 常見的認知偏差（例如：確認偏誤、可得性偏誤等）
**Activities:**
**活動：**
- Experimental activity: Demonstrate the impact of cognitive biases through small games
- 實驗活動：通過小遊戲展示認知偏差的影響
- Group discussion: How to avoid cognitive biases
- 小組討論：如何避免認知偏差
### Lesson 3: Metaphysics and Reality
### 課程3：形而上學與現實
**Goal:**
**目標：**
- Explore fundamental questions in metaphysics, such as the nature of reality and the meaning of existence.
- 探索形而上學的基本問題，如現實的本質和存在的意義。
**Content:**
**內容：**
- What is metaphysics?
- 什麼是形而上學？
- Concepts of existence and reality
- 存在與現實的概念
**Activities:**
**活動：**
- Group discussion: How do you know if you are living in a virtual world?
- 小組討論：如果你生活在一個虛擬世界中，你怎麼知道它不是真實的？
- Creative writing: Describe what you think is a "real world"
- 創意寫作：描述一個你認為的“真實世界”
### Lesson 4: Mind and Consciousness
### 課程4：心靈與意識
**Goal:**
**目標：**
- Explore issues of mind and consciousness, including the relationship between mind and body.
- 探討心靈與意識的問題，包括心靈與身體的關係。
**Content:**
**內容：**
- Basic concepts of mind and consciousness
- 心靈與意識的基本概念
- Mind-body problem
- 心靈與身體問題
**Activities:**
**活動：**
- Group discussion: How do you know others have consciousness?
- 小組討論：你如何知道別人有意識？
- Creative writing: Describe everything you are conscious of in a day
- 創意寫作：描述一天生活中你意識到的所有事情
### Lesson 5: Language and Meaning
### 課程5：語言與意義
**Goal:**
**目標：**
- Understand how language conveys meaning and the relationship between language and reality.
- 理解語言如何傳達意義以及語言與現實的關係。
**Content:**
**內容：**
- Basic concepts of language and meaning
- 語言與意義的基本概念
- How language influences our understanding of the world
- 語言如何影響我們對世界的理解
**Activities:**
**活動：**
- Group discussion: How do different languages express the same concept?
- 小組討論：不同的語言如何表達相同的概念？
- Creative activity: Invent a new language and explain its rules
- 創意活動：發明一種新的語言並解釋其規則
### Lesson 6: Ethics and Morality
### 課程6：倫理學與道德
**Goal:**
**目標：**
- Explore fundamental questions in ethics and understand the standards of moral behavior.
- 探討倫理學的基本問題，理解道德行為的標準。
**Content:**
**內容：**
- Basic concepts of morality and ethics
- 道德與倫理的基本概念
- Common ethical theories (e.g., utilitarianism, deontology)
- 常見的倫理理論（例如：功利主義、義務論等）
**Activities:**
**活動：**
- Case analysis: Analyze a moral dilemma
- 案例分析：分析一個道德兩難的情境
- Group discussion: Create your own guide to moral behavior
- 小組討論：設計自己的道德行為指南
### Lesson 7: Political Philosophy and Society
### 課程7：政治哲學與社會
**Goal:**
**目標：**
- Explore fundamental questions in political philosophy, such as justice, rights, and the role of government.
- 探討政治哲學的基本問題，如正義、權利和政府的作用。
**Content:**
**內容：**
- Basic concepts of political philosophy
- 政治哲學的基本概念
- Theories of justice and fairness
- 正義與公平的理論
**Activities:**
**活動：**
- Group discussion: Design an ideal society
- 小組討論：設計一個理想的社會
- Debate activity: How should the government distribute resources?
- 辯論活動：政府應該如何分配資源？
### Lesson 8: Happiness and the Good Life
### 課程8：幸福與美好生活
**Goal:**
**目標：**
- Explore the nature of happiness and how to achieve a good and meaningful life.
- 探討幸福的本質以及如何實現美好生活。
**Content:**
**內容：**
- Concepts of happiness
- 幸福的概念
- Relationship between life satisfaction and happiness
- 生活滿意度與幸福的關係
**Activities:**
**活動：**
- Group discussion: What makes you happy?
- 小組討論：什麼讓你感到快樂？
- Creative writing: Describe your ideal day
- 創意寫作：描述你理想中的一天
### Lesson 9: Technology and Ethics
### 課程9：科技與倫理
**Goal:**
**目標：**
- Explore the ethical and social impacts of technological development.
- 探討科技發展對倫理和社會的影響。
**Content:**
**內容：**
- The neutrality of technology
- 科技的中立性問題
- Relationship between technology and privacy
- 科技與隱私的關係
**Activities:**
**活動：**
- Case analysis: Analyze ethical issues brought by modern technology
- 案例分析：分析現代科技帶來的倫理問題
- Group discussion: How to balance technological development and moral considerations?
- 小組討論：如何平衡科技發展與道德考量？
### Lesson 10: Bioethics
### 課程10：生物倫理學
**Goal:**
**目標：**
- Explore ethical issues related to healthcare and life sciences.
- 探討與醫療和生命科學相關的倫理問題。
**Content:**
**內容：**
- Ethical issues of biomedical enhancement
- 生物醫學增強的倫理問題
- Euthanasia and patient rights
- 安樂死與病人權利
**Activities:**
**活動：**
- Case analysis: Discuss ethical issues of biomedical enhancement
- 案例分析：討論生物醫學增強的倫理問題
- Group discussion: In what situations do you think euthanasia is reasonable?
- 小組討論：你認為什麼情況下安樂死是合理的？
### Lesson 11: Neurophilosophy and Consciousness
### 課程11：神經哲學與意識
**Goal:**
**目標：**
- Explore the relationship between consciousness and the brain and understand fundamental issues in neurophilosophy.
- 探討意識與大腦的關係，理解神經哲學的基本問題。
**Content:**
**內容：**
- Neural correlates of consciousness
- 意識的神經相關性
- Minds and consciousness of animals
- 動物的心靈與意識
**Activities:**
**活動：**
- Group discussion: Do animals have consciousness?
- 小組討論：動物有意識嗎？
- Creative writing: Describe a world without consciousness
- 創意寫作：描述一個沒有意識的世界
### Lesson 12: Democracy and Civic Responsibility
### 課程12
：民主與公民責任
**Goal:**
**目標：**
- Explore fundamental principles of democracy and the responsibilities of citizens.
- 探討民主的基本原則以及公民的責任。
**Content:**
**內容：**
- Basic concepts of democracy
- 民主的基本概念
- Importance of civic responsibility and voting
- 公民責任與投票的重要性
**Activities:**
**活動：**
- Group discussion: Why is voting important?
- 小組討論：為什麼投票重要？
- Simulated election: Conduct a mock election to experience the democratic process
- 模擬選舉：舉行一次模擬選舉，體驗民主過程
### Teaching Methods
### 教學方法
Each lesson will incorporate the core concepts of the 108 curriculum competencies, utilizing PBL (Problem-Based Learning) and the practical application of scaffolding teaching theory. Teachers will guide students in applying knowledge in real-world contexts and gradually increase learning difficulty and depth through scaffolding, helping students construct knowledge and enhance their abilities.
每堂課程都將結合108課綱素養教育的核心理念，通過PBL（問題導向學習）和鷹架教學理論進行教學。教師將引導學生在實際情境中應用所學知識，並通過鷹架教學方法逐步增加學習難度和深度，幫助學生建構知識、提升能力。
I hope these lessons will inspire children's interest in philosophy and cultivate their critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
希望這些課程能夠啟發孩子們對哲學的興趣，並培養他們的批判性思維能力和解決問題的能力。
