2019年Amazon致股東信：疫情之下，任重道遠｜見識之旅

Daniel

更新於 2024/11/15發佈於 2020/04/25閱讀時間約 68 分鐘

導讀

這封信是2019年Amazon的第23封致股東信。

Amazon在美國的線上購物市場佔有率超過一半，也就是平均每兩個美國人就有一個人使用Amazon進行線上購物。

這是傑出的成績，也是一份巨大的責任，在COVID-19疫情期間尤其如此。

人們出不了門，只能指望Amazon把商品配送到家門口。突然暴增的配送需求，這對Amazon的配送網絡來說是一大挑戰。

Amazon素來就會進行假期需求預估，提前準備以因應假期暴買增加的配送需求。然而，這次疫情來得太快，Amazon還來不及進行預估，巨量需求就已經排山倒海而來了。

而且生活日用品太晚送達，人們可能會餓肚子，立即影響到人們的生活，這些需求的時效性和重要性很強，成了疫情給電商巨頭帶來的一大挑戰。

好了，導讀結束，以下致股東信正文開始。

正文

To our shareowners:

致我們的股東：

One thing we’ve learned from the COVID-19 crisis is how important Amazon has become to our customers. We want you to know we take this responsibility seriously, and we’re proud of the work our teams are doing to help customers through this difficult time.

我們在COVID-19疫情中學到的一件事是：Amazon對於顧客來說，已經變成非常重要的存在。我們希望讓你知道，我們認真對於這份責任十分認真看待。Amazon團隊正幫助顧客度過這段艱難時期，我們對這份工作感到自豪。

Amazonians are working around the clock to get necessary supplies delivered directly to the doorsteps of people who need them. The demand we are seeing for essential products has been and remains high. But unlike a predictable holiday surge, this spike occurred with little warning, creating major challenges for our suppliers and delivery network. We quickly prioritized the stocking and delivery of essential household staples, medical supplies, and other critical products.

Amazon員工正夜以繼日地工作，將必要物資送達需要的人的家。在目前情況下，顧客對生活必需品的需求一直居高不下。過去，Amazon對於假期需求暴增有預期，但當下的暴增幾乎沒有任何預警，這給了供應商和配送網絡帶來重大挑戰。為此，我們迅速將生活必需品、醫療用品和其他重點產品的儲備和配送排在目前的第一順位。

Our Whole Foods Market stores have remained open, providing fresh food and other vital goods for customers. We are taking steps to help those most vulnerable to the virus, setting aside the first hour of shopping at Whole Foods each day for seniors. We have temporarily closed Amazon Books, Amazon 4-star, and Amazon Pop Up stores because they don’t sell essential products, and we offered associates from those closed stores the opportunity to continue working in other parts of Amazon.

我們的全食超市（Whole Foods）仍持續營業，為顧客提供新鮮食品和其他重要商品。我們正在採取手段幫助那些最容易感染病毒的人。全食超市每天營業後的前一個小時定為「年長者專用時段」。我們暫時關閉了Amazon Books、Amazon 4-Star和Amazon Pop Up商店，因為這些商店不販售生活必需品。對於這些關閉的商店的員工，我們提供他們在Amazon其他區域工作的機會。

Crucially, while providing these essential services, we are focused on the safety of our employees and contractors around the world — we are deeply grateful for their heroic work and are committed to their health and well-being. Consulting closely with medical experts and health authorities, we’ve made over 150 significant process changes in our operations network and Whole Foods Market stores to help teams stay healthy, and we conduct daily audits of the measures we’ve put into place. We’ve distributed face masks and implemented temperature checks at sites around the world to help protect employees and support staff. We regularly sanitize door handles, stairway handrails, lockers, elevator buttons, and touch screens, and disinfectant wipes and hand sanitizer are standard across our network.

重要的是，在提供這些基本服務的同時，我們也專注於保障Amazon各地員工和承包商的安全－我們對他們的英勇工作深表感謝，並致力於保證他們的健康和福祉。我們與醫療專家和衛生當局密切協商，在我們的運營網絡和實體門市進行150多項重大流程改革，幫助團隊成員保持健康。我們對這些措施每日進行審查，在世界各地的站點分發口罩，實施體溫檢測，幫助保護員工身體健康。我們定期對門把手、樓梯扶手、儲物櫃、電梯按鈕和觸控螢幕進行消毒，消毒濕巾和洗手乳是站點的標準配置。

We’ve also introduced extensive social distancing measures to help protect our associates. We have eliminated stand-up meetings during shifts, moved information sharing to bulletin boards, staggered break times, and spread out chairs in breakrooms. While training new hires is challenging with new distancing requirements, we continue to ensure that every new employee gets six hours of safety training. We’ve shifted training protocols so we don’t have employees gathering in one spot, and we’ve adjusted our hiring processes to allow for social distancing.

我們也引入了廣泛的社交距離手段來幫助保護我們的同事。我們取消了輪班時的站立會議，利用告示牌來共享資訊，錯開彼此的休息時間，在休息室裡將位置分散開來。因為有了新的社交距離要求，所以新員工培訓變得很有挑戰性，但我們仍確保每位新員工都接受6小時的安全培訓。我們已經改變培訓方式，這樣一來我們就不會讓員工聚集在同一個處。考慮到社交距離，我們也調整了招募流程。

A next step in protecting our employees might be regular testing of all Amazonians, including those showing no symptoms. Regular testing on a global scale, across all industries, would both help keep people safe and help get the economy back up and running. For this to work, we as a society would need vastly more testing capacity than is currently available. If every person could be tested regularly, it would make a huge difference in how we fight this virus. Those who test positive could be quarantined and cared for, and everyone who tests negative could re-enter the economy with confidence.

保護員工的下一步可能是對所有Amazon員工進行定期檢測，包括無症狀者。在全球範圍內對所有行業進行定期檢測，不僅可以保障人們的安全，還可以恢復經濟。為了這個目標，整個社會將需要比目前更強大的測試能力。如果每個人都可以定期接受測試，那麼我們對抗病毒的局面將發生巨大變化。測試結果為陽性的人可以被隔離和照顧，每個測試結果為陰性的人都可以信心滿滿地重新回到職場，為經濟做出貢獻。

We’ve begun the work of building incremental testing capacity. A team of Amazonians — from research scientists and program managers to procurement specialists and software engineers — moved from their normal day jobs onto a dedicated team to work on this initiative. We have begun assembling the equipment we need to build our first lab and hope to start testing small numbers of our frontline employees soon. We are not sure how far we will get in the relevant timeframe, but we think it’s worth trying, and we stand ready to share anything we learn.

我們已經開始了建構更強大的檢測能力。Amazon的其中一支團隊－從科學家、項目經理、採購專家和軟體工程師－從他們平時的日常工作轉換到一支專門的團隊，致力於建構強大的檢測能力。我們已經開始組裝建造第一個實驗室所需的設備，希望可以很快開始檢測我們的部分一線員工。我們不確定短時間內我們能走多遠，但我們認為這值得一試。我們隨時準備分享我們從中學到的任何東西。

While we explore longer-term solutions, we are also committed to helping support employees now. We increased our minimum wage through the end of April by $2 per hour in the U.S., $2 per hour in Canada, £2 per hour in the UK, and €2 per hour in many European countries. And we are paying associates double our regular rate for any overtime worked — a minimum of $34 an hour — an increase from time and a half. These wage increases will cost more than $500 million, just through the end of April, and likely more than that over time. While we recognize this is expensive, we believe it’s the right thing to do under the circumstances. We also established the Amazon Relief Fund — with an initial $25 million in funding — to support our independent delivery service partners and their drivers, Amazon Flex participants, and temporary employees under financial distress.

在我們尋找長期解決方案的同時，我們也致力於支持員工。截至4月底，我們將美國的每小時最低薪資提高了2美元，在加拿大提高了2美元，在英國提高了2英鎊，在許多歐洲國家提高了2歐元。我們支付給員工的加班費是正常工資的兩倍，每小時最低34美元。到4月底時這些增加的薪資總金額將超過5億美元，而且還會隨著時間變長而增加更多。雖然我們意識到這將所費不貲，但我們相信在這種情況下，這麼做是對的。我們還設立了Amazon救濟基金（Amazon Relief Fund）－最初提供2500萬美元的資金支持我們的配送服務合作夥伴及司機、Amazon Flex參與者和陷入財務困境的臨時員工。

In March, we opened 100,000 new positions across our fulfillment and delivery network. Earlier this week, after successfully filling those roles, we announced we were creating another 75,000 jobs to respond to customer demand. These new hires are helping customers who depend on us to meet their critical needs. We know that many people around the world have suffered financially as jobs are lost or furloughed. We are happy to have them on our teams until things return to normal and either their former employer can bring them back or new jobs become available. We’ve welcomed Joe Duffy, who joined after losing his job as a mechanic at Newark airport and learned about an opening from a friend who is an Amazon operations analyst. Dallas preschool teacher Darby Griffin joined after her school closed on March 9th and now helps manage new inventory. We’re happy to have Darby with us until she can return to the classroom.

3月份，我們的配送物流網絡新招了10萬名員工。這一周的早些時候，我們宣布再招募7.5萬名員工，以滿足顧客的需求。這些新員工正在幫助那些依賴我們滿足重要需求的顧客。我們知道，由於失業或被暫時解僱，世界各地有許多人都遭受到經濟上的損失。我們很高興讓他們加入我們的團隊，直到一切恢復正常，或他們的前雇主召回他們回到工作崗位，或他們有了新的工作機會。我們歡迎Joe Duffy，他失去了紐瓦克機場的機械師的工作後，加入到Amazon的行列，他是從一名Amazon運營分析師的朋友那裡得知了這個職缺。達拉斯幼兒園教師Darby Griffin在3月9日學校停課後加入Amazon，現在幫助管理新庫存。我們很高興有Darby的陪伴，直到她能回到幼兒園工作。

Amazon is acting aggressively to protect our customers from bad actors looking to exploit the crisis. We’ve removed over half a million offers from our stores due to COVID-based price gouging, and we’ve suspended more than 6,000 selling accounts globally for violating our fair-pricing policies. Amazon turned over information about sellers we suspect engaged in price gouging of products related to COVID-19 to 42 state attorneys general offices. To accelerate our response to price-gouging incidents, we created a special communication channel for state attorneys general to quickly and easily escalate consumer complaints to us.

有人試圖利用這場危機敲詐顧客，對此Amazon正在積極行動，保護我們的客戶免於傷害。COVID-19相關的價格敲詐使我們刪除50多萬筆相關交易，暫停了全球6000多個違反公平定價政策的銷售帳戶。Amazon向42個州總檢察長辦公室提供了我們懷疑參與COVID-19相關商品的價格哄抬的賣家資訊。為了加快對價格哄抬事件的反應速度，我們為州總檢察長創建了一個特殊的溝通管道，以便快速、輕鬆地處理消費者投訴。

Amazon Web Services is also playing an important role in this crisis. The ability for organizations to access scalable, dependable, and highly secure computing power — whether for vital healthcare work, to help students continue learning, or to keep unprecedented numbers of employees online and productive from home — is critical in this situation. Hospital networks, pharmaceutical companies, and research labs are using AWS to care for patients, explore treatments, and mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 in many other ways. Academic institutions around the world are transitioning from in-person to virtual classrooms and are running on AWS to help ensure continuity of learning. And governments are leveraging AWS as a secure platform to build out new capabilities in their efforts to end this pandemic.

AWS在這場危機中也扮演著重要角色。在這種情況下，使各種機構能夠取用可擴展、可靠且高度安全的計算能力至關重要，無論是用於重要的醫療保健工作、幫助學生繼續學習，還是讓大量的員工在家遠端工作並保持工作效率。各大醫院、製藥公司和研究實驗室正使用AWS來照護患者、探索治療方法，並以許多其他方式減輕COVID-19的影響。世界各地的學術機構正在從「面對面」教室過渡到線上虛擬教室，這些教室運行在AWS上，能夠幫助學生保障學習不中斷。各國政府正利用AWS作為一個安全的平台，在對抗病毒的過程中建設新的能力。

We are collaborating with the World Health Organization, supplying advanced cloud technologies and technical expertise to track the virus, understand the outbreak, and better contain its spread. WHO is leveraging our cloud to build large-scale data lakes, aggregate epidemiological country data, rapidly translate medical training videos into different languages, and help global healthcare workers better treat patients. We are separately making a public AWS COVID-19 data lake available as a centralized repository for up-to-date and curated information related to the spread and characteristics of the virus and its associated illness so experts can access and analyze the latest data in their battle against the disease.

我們正與世界衛生組織合作，提供先進的雲技術和技術專長，以跟蹤病毒、了解疫情和遏制傳播。世衛組織正在利用我們的雲技術構建大規模數據湖，聚合流行病學數據，快速將醫療培訓影片翻譯成不同的語言，並幫助全球醫護人員更好地治療患者。我們提供一個公開的AWS COVID-19數據湖，以便專家可以取用和分析對抗疾病的最新數據。

We also launched the AWS Diagnostic Development Initiative, a program to support customers working to bring more accurate diagnostic solutions to market for COVID-19. Better diagnostics help accelerate treatment and containment of this pandemic. We committed $20 million to accelerate this work and help our customers harness the cloud to tackle this challenge. While the program was established in response to COVID-19, we also are looking toward the future, and we will fund diagnostic research projects that have the potential to blunt future infectious disease outbreaks.

我們啟動了AWS Diagnostic Development Initiative（AWS診斷開發計劃），此計劃致力於將更準確的COVID-19診斷方案推向市場。更好的診斷有助於治療並遏制病毒流行。我們已承諾投入2000萬美元來加速這項工作，並幫助我們的客戶利用雲技術應對疾病挑戰。雖然此計劃是為應對COVID-19COVID-19疫情而建立的，但我們也在展望未來，資助有可能遏制未來傳染病爆發的診斷性研究項目。

Customers around the world have leveraged the cloud to scale up services and stand up responses to COVID-19. We joined the New York City COVID-19 Rapid Response Coalition to develop a conversational agent to enable at-risk and elderly New Yorkers to receive accurate, timely information about medical and other important needs. In response to a request from the Los Angeles Unified School District to transition 700,000 students to remote learning, AWS helped establish a call center to field IT questions, provide remote support, and enable staff to answer calls. We are providing cloud services to the CDC to help thousands of public health practitioners and clinicians gather data related to COVID-19 and inform response efforts. In the UK, AWS provides the cloud computing infrastructure for a project that analyzes hospital occupancy levels, emergency room capacity, and patient wait times to help the country’s National Health Service decide where best to allocate resources. In Canada, OTN — one of the world’s largest virtual care networks — is scaling its AWS-powered video service to accommodate a 4,000% spike in demand to support citizens as the pandemic continues. In Brazil, AWS will provide the São Paulo State Government with cloud computing infrastructure to guarantee online classes to 1 million students in public schools across the state.

世界各地的客戶利用雲技術來擴展服務來因應COVID-19疫情。我們加入了紐約市COVID-19疫情快速反應聯盟，開發了一種對話服務，使處於危險中的紐約人，尤其是年長者，能夠收到醫療和其他重要需求的準確資訊。為了響應洛杉磯聯合學區提出的需求，要將70萬名學生過渡到遠程學習，AWS幫忙建立了一個呼叫中心來回答IT問題、提供遠程支持。我們正在向疾控中心提供雲服務，幫助數千名公共衛生從業者和臨床醫生收集COVID-19相關數據，回報因應措施。在英國，AWS為一個專案提供雲計算基礎設施，該專案分析醫院入住率、急診室容量和患者等待時間，目的是幫助英國國民保健署決定如何分配資源。在加拿大，因為疫情所導致的觀看需求暴增4000%，因此OTN（世界上最大的虛擬醫療網絡之一）正在擴展他們在AWS站上的影片服務。在巴西，AWS將為聖保羅州政府提供雲計算基礎設施，以確保該州公立學校的100萬名學生能夠參加在線課程。

Following CDC guidance, our Alexa health team built an experience that lets U.S. customers check their risk level for COVID-19 at home. Customers can ask, “Alexa, what do I do if I think I have COVID-19?” or “Alexa, what do I do if I think I have coronavirus?” Alexa then asks a series of questions about the person’s symptoms and possible exposure. Based on those responses, Alexa then provides CDC-sourced guidance. We created a similar service in Japan, based on guidance from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare.

美國疾控中心的指導下，我們的Alexa醫療團隊新增了一種機制，讓美國顧客可以在家裡檢測他們的COVID-19風險水平。當顧客問：「Alexa，如果我認為我感染了COVID-19，我該怎麼辦？」然後，Alexa會問一系列關於這個人的症狀，以及他可能接觸到的問題。根據這些回應，Alexa會提供來自美國疾控中心的指導。我們也在日本提供類似的服務，指導來源則改為日本厚生勞動省。

We’re making it easy for customers to use Amazon.com or Alexa to donate directly to charities on the front lines of the COVID-19 crisis, including Feeding America, the American Red Cross, and Save the Children. Echo users have the option to say, “Alexa, make a donation to Feeding America COVID-19 Response Fund.” In Seattle, we’ve partnered with a catering business to distribute 73,000 meals to 2,700 elderly and medically vulnerable residents in Seattle and King County during the outbreak, and we donated 8,200 laptops to help Seattle Public Schools students gain access to a device while classes are conducted virtually.

我們讓顧客戶可以輕鬆地使用Amazon.com或Alexa向COVID-19疫情前線的慈善機構捐款，包括Feeding America，American Red Cross和Save the Children。Echo用戶可以直接說：「Alexa，向Feeding America COVID-19 Response Fund捐款。」在西雅圖，我們與餐飲業合作，在疫情爆發期間向西雅圖和金縣的2700名老年人和居民分發了7.3萬頓餐，捐贈了8200台筆記本電腦，幫助西雅圖公立學校的學生進行線上課程。

Beyond COVID

COVID疫情之外

Although these are incredibly difficult times, they are an important reminder that what we do as a company can make a big difference in people’s lives. Customers count on us to be there, and we are fortunate to be able to help. With our scale and ability to innovate quickly, Amazon can make a positive impact and be an organizing force for progress.

雖然當前是極其艱難的時期，但疫情也是一個重要的提醒：Amazon作為一家公司，所做的事情可以大大改變人們的生活。客戶依賴我們，幸運的是我們能夠提供幫助。憑藉我們的規模和快速創新的能力，Amazon能夠創造積極的影響，成為推動進步的力量。

Last year, we co-founded The Climate Pledge with Christiana Figueres, the UN’s former climate change chief and founder of Global Optimism, and became the first signatory to the pledge. The pledge commits Amazon to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement 10 years early — and be net zero carbon by 2040. Amazon faces significant challenges in achieving this goal because we don’t just move information around — we have extensive physical infrastructure and deliver more than 10 billion items worldwide a year. And we believe if Amazon can get to net zero carbon ten years early, any company can — and we want to work together with all companies to make it a reality.

去年，我們與聯合國前氣候變化負責人，同時也是Global Optimism創辦人的Christian Figueres共同發起《氣候宣言》（The Climate Pledge），並成為該宣言的首位簽字人。根據這一承諾，Amazon將提前10年實現《巴黎協定》的目標，到2040年實現零淨碳排放量。Amazon在實現這一目標上面臨重大挑戰，因為我們不僅僅是傳遞資訊－我們擁有龐大的實體設施，每年在全球範圍運送超過100億件商品。我們相信，如果Amazon能夠提前10年實現零碳排放，那麼任何公司都能做到－我們希望與所有公司合作，使其成為現實。

To that end, we are recruiting other companies to sign The Climate Pledge. Signatories agree to measure and report greenhouse gas emissions regularly, implement decarbonization strategies in line with the Paris Agreement, and achieve net zero annual carbon emissions by 2040. (We’ll be announcing new signatories soon.)

為了這個目標，我們正在尋找其他公司一起簽署《氣候宣言》。簽署者同意定期測量和報告溫室氣體排放量，實施符合《巴黎協定》的脫碳戰略，在2040年前實現年度淨碳排放量為零。（我們很快就會宣布新的簽署者。）

We plan to meet the pledge, in part, by purchasing 100,000 electric delivery vans from Rivian — a Michigan-based producer of electric vehicles. Amazon aims to have 10,000 of Rivian’s new electric vans on the road as early as 2022, and all 100,000 vehicles on the road by 2030. That’s good for the environment, but the promise is even greater. This type of investment sends a signal to the marketplace to start inventing and developing new technologies that large, global companies need to transition to a low-carbon economy.

為了兌現承諾，我們將從Rivian（總部位於密西根州的電動汽車生產商）購買10萬輛電動送貨麵包車。Amazon的目標是在2022年前讓1萬輛Rivian的新型電動麵包車上路，在2030年前增加至10萬輛電動車。這對環境大有幫助，而且前景可期。這類投資會向市場發出一個信號－新發明與新技術將要開始發展。大型全球化公司要開始運用這些技術過渡到低碳經濟。

We’ve also committed to reaching 80% renewable energy by 2024 and 100% renewable energy by 2030. (The team is actually pushing to get to 100% by 2025 and has a challenging but credible plan to pull that off.) Globally, Amazon has 86 solar and wind projects that have the capacity to generate over 2,300 MW and deliver more than 6.3 million MWh of energy annually — enough to power more than 580,000 U.S. homes.

我們也承諾，2024年前達到80%可再生能源使用率，2030年前達到100%。（事實上，我們的團隊正在推動2025年前達到100%，透過一個具有挑戰性但可行的計劃來實現目標。）在全球範圍內，Amazon推動86個太陽能和風能項目，這些項目的發電能力超過2300兆瓦，每年提供超過630萬兆瓦時的能源－足夠為超過58萬個美國家庭供電。

We’ve made tremendous progress cutting packaging waste. More than a decade ago, we created the FrustrationFree Packaging program to encourage manufacturers to package their products in easy-to-open, 100% recyclable packaging that is ready to ship to customers without the need for an additional shipping box. Since 2008, this program has saved more than 810,000 tons of packaging material and eliminated the use of 1.4 billion shipping boxes.

我們在減少包裝垃圾方面也取得了巨大進步。十多年前，我們推出了「Frustration-Free包裝計劃」，以鼓勵製造商將產品裝在易開啟、100%可回收的包裝中，無需額外的裝運箱即可運送到客戶手中。自2008年以來，此計劃已節省包裝材料81萬多噸，減少了14億個裝運箱的使用。

We are making these significant investments to drive our carbon footprint to zero despite the fact that shopping online is already inherently more carbon efficient than going to the store. Amazon’s sustainability scientists have spent more than three years developing the models, tools, and metrics to measure our carbon footprint. Their detailed analysis has found that shopping online consistently generates less carbon than driving to a store, since a single delivery van trip can take approximately 100 roundtrip car journeys off the road on average. Our scientists developed a model to compare the carbon intensity of ordering Whole Foods Market groceries online versus driving to your nearest Whole Foods Market store. The study found that, averaged across all basket sizes, online grocery deliveries generate 43% lower carbon emissions per item compared to shopping in stores. Smaller basket sizes generate even greater carbon savings.

線上購物已經比在實體商店購物更具碳效率。雖然如此，但Amazon仍持續進行重大投資，以將我們的碳足跡降至零。Amazon的永續發展科學家花了三年多的時間開發模型、工具和指標衡量我們的碳足跡。經過他們的詳細分析發現，線上購物始終比開車去商店產生的碳排放更少，因為一次麵包車送貨平均可以節省大約100次汽車往返。我們的科學家開發了一個模型，比較線上訂購全食超市雜貨和開車去周遭最近的全食超市的碳排放。研究發現，與前往商店購物相比，線上購買食品雜貨並配送到家所產生的每件商品碳排放平均降低了43%。

AWS is also inherently more efficient than the traditional in-house data center. That’s primarily due to two things — higher utilization, and the fact that our servers and facilities are more efficient than what most companies can achieve running their own data centers. Typical single-company data centers operate at roughly 18% server utilization. They need that excess capacity to handle large usage spikes. AWS benefits from multitenant usage patterns and operates at far higher server utilization rates. In addition, AWS has been successful in increasing the energy efficiency of its facilities and equipment, for instance by using more efficient evaporative cooling in certain data centers instead of traditional air conditioning. A study by 451 Research found that AWS’s infrastructure is 3.6 times more energy efficient than the median U.S. enterprise data center surveyed. Along with our use of renewable energy, these factors enable AWS to do the same tasks as traditional data centers with an 88% lower carbon footprint. And don’t think we’re not going to get those last 12 points — we’ll make AWS 100% carbon free through more investments in renewable energy projects.

AWS也比傳統在自家運營的數據中心效率更高。這點主要來自兩個原因－更高的利用率，以及我們的伺服器和基礎設施比大多數公司自己的數據中心更高效。典型的自家運營的數據中心的伺服器利用率約為18%，因為他們需要過剩的容量來應付使用量高峰。而AWS受益於多租戶使用模式，得以用高得多的伺服器利用率運轉。此外，AWS也成功地提高了設備的能效，例如在某些數據中心，AWS使用更高效的蒸發冷卻，而非傳統空調。451 Research的一項研究發現，AWS的基礎設施能效是接受調查的美國企業數據中心的能效中位數的3.6倍。再加上我們使用可再生能源，這些因素使AWS能以更低的碳足跡（低88%），完成與傳統數據中心相同的任務。別因此認為我們不在意剩下的12%－我們透過對可再生能源項目的更多投資，讓AWS 100%實現零碳排放。

Leveraging scale for good

運用規模創造福祉

Over the last decade, no company has created more jobs than Amazon. Amazon directly employs 840,000 workers worldwide, including over 590,000 in the U.S., 115,000 in Europe, and 95,000 in Asia. In total, Amazon directly and indirectly supports 2 million jobs in the U.S., including 680,000-plus jobs created by Amazon’s investments in areas like construction, logistics, and professional services, plus another 830,000 jobs created by small and medium-sized businesses selling on Amazon. Globally, we support nearly 4 million jobs. We are especially proud of the fact that many of these are entry-level jobs that give people their first opportunity to participate in the workforce.

在過去的十年裡，沒有一家公司創造了比Amazon更多的就業機會。Amazon在全球直接僱用了84萬名員工，其中59萬人在美國、11.5萬人在歐洲，9.5萬人在亞洲。整體而言，Amazon直接和間接與美國200萬個職位有關聯，包括Amazon在建築、物流和專業服務等領域的投資所創造的68萬個就業機會，以及Amazon上的中小企業所創造的83萬個就業機會。在全球範圍內，我們支持近400萬個工作崗位。我們特別自豪的是，這些工作中有許多是入門級工作，給了人們第一次進入勞動力市場的機會。

And Amazon’s jobs come with an industry-leading $15 minimum wage and comprehensive benefits. More than 40 million Americans — many making the federal minimum wage of $7.25 an hour — earn less than the lowestpaid Amazon associate. When we raised our starting minimum wage to $15 an hour in 2018, it had an immediate and meaningful impact on the hundreds of thousands of people working in our fulfillment centers. We want other big employers to join us by raising their own minimum pay rates, and we continue to lobby for a $15 federal minimum wage.

Amazon的工作薪資是業界領先的最低薪資每小時15美元和綜合福利。超過4000萬美國人－其中許多人的聯邦最低工資為每小時7.25美元－收入低於Amazon員工的最低薪資。2018年，當我們將最低工資提高到每小時15美元後，對配送中心的數十萬員工產生立竿見影的正面影響。我們希望其他大公司也加入我們的行列，提高他們的最低工資，我們仍持續為聯邦最低工資15美元進行遊說。

We want to improve workers’ lives beyond pay. Amazon provides every full-time employee with health insurance, a 401(k) plan, 20 weeks paid maternity leave, and other benefits. These are the same benefits that Amazon’s most senior executives receive. And with our rapidly changing economy, we see more clearly than ever the need for workers to evolve their skills continually to keep up with technology. That’s why we’re spending $700 million to provide more than 100,000 Amazonians access to training programs, at their places of work, in high-demand fields such as healthcare, cloud computing, and machine learning. Since 2012, we have offered Career Choice, a pre-paid tuition program for fulfillment center associates looking to move into highdemand occupations. Amazon pays up to 95% of tuition and fees toward a certificate or diploma in qualified fields of study, leading to enhanced employment opportunities in high-demand jobs. Since its launch, more than 25,000 Amazonians have received training for in-demand occupations.

除了工資之外，我們還計畫改善工人的生活。Amazon為每位全職員工提供醫療保險、401(k)退休福利計畫、20週帶薪產假和其他福利，這些福利與Amazon最高級管理人員相同。經濟瞬息萬變，我們比以往任何時候都更清楚地看到，工人們需要不斷發展他們的技能，才能跟上技術的發展。這就是為什麼我們將花費7億美元為超過10萬多Amazon員工提供培訓計劃的原因，培訓項目包含醫療保健、雲計算和機器學習等高需求領域。自2012年以來，我們提供了Career Choice計畫，為希望進入高需求職業的配送中心員工提供預付費的教學。Amazon為特定領域的證書或文憑支付高達95%的學雜費，讓員工更有機會獲得想要的工作。自推出以來，已有超過2.5萬名Amazon員工接受職業培訓。

To ensure that future generations have the skills they need to thrive in a technology-driven economy, we started a program last year called Amazon Future Engineer, which is designed to educate and train low-income and disadvantaged young people to pursue careers in computer science. We have an ambitious goal: to help hundreds of thousands of students each year learn computer science and coding. Amazon Future Engineer currently funds Introduction to Computer Science and AP Computer Science classes for more than 2,000 schools in underserved communities across the country. Each year, Amazon Future Engineer also gives 100 four-year, $40,000 college scholarships to computer science students from low-income backgrounds. Those scholarship recipients also receive guaranteed, paid internships at Amazon after their first year of college. Our program in the UK funds 120 engineering apprenticeships and helps students from disadvantaged backgrounds pursue technology careers.

為了確保下一代掌握在科技驅動的經濟中成長所需的技能，我們去年啟動了一個名為「Amazon未來工程師計畫（Amazon Future Engineer）」，該項目旨在教育和培訓低收入和弱勢群體的年輕人，讓他們有機會追求計算機科學的職業生涯。我們有一個雄心勃勃的目標：每年幫助數十萬學生學習計算機科學和編程。Amazon未來工程師計畫目前資助全美超過2000所學校計算機科學入門和AP計算機科學課程。每年，Amazon未來工程師計畫還會提供100個為期4年、價值4萬美元的大學生獎學金名額給低收入背景的計算機科學專業學生。獎學金獲得者在大學第一年後，還會得到在Amazon帶薪實習機會。在英國，我們資助120個工程背景的學徒，幫助來自弱勢背景的學生從事技術職業。

For now, my own time and thinking continues to be focused on COVID-19 and how Amazon can help while we’re in the middle of it. I am extremely grateful to my fellow Amazonians for all the grit and ingenuity they are showing as we move through this. You can count on all of us to look beyond the immediate crisis for insights and lessons and how to apply them going forward.

目前，我個人的時間和想法集中在COVID-19疫情上，以及Amazon如何「正在提供幫助的情況下」繼續提供更多幫助。我非常感謝我的同事們，感謝他們在我們所經歷的這一切中所表現出的所有勇氣和聰明才智。我相信，我們所有人都會超越眼前的危機，洞悉未來、總結教訓，並將其應用於未來。

Reflect on this from Theodor Seuss Geisel:

美國作家Theodor Seuss Geisel對此反思：

“When something bad happens you have three choices. You can either let it define you, let it destroy you, or you can let it strengthen you.”

「當不好的事情發生時，你有三個選擇。你可以讓它定義你，讓它摧毀你，也可以讓它強化你。」

I am very optimistic about which of these civilization is going to choose.

對於人們會選擇哪一種做法，我很樂觀。

Even in these circumstances, it remains Day 1. As always, I attach a copy of our original 1997 letter.

即使在當前這種情況下，我們依舊保持Day 1的價值觀。如同往常，我把我們在1997年寫的致股東信附在文末。

Sincerely,

Jeffrey P. Bezos

真誠的