#4 探索兒童繪畫發展的里程碑　－　維果茨基階段理論的啟示

每一個孩子都是一位天生的藝術家，他們用獨特的視角觀察這個世界，並通過繪畫將所見所感傾瀉在紙上。然而，隨著年齡的增長，孩子的繪畫風格和能力也會發生顯著變化。

這一切都源於兒童認知和心理發展的不同階段，而維果茨基的理論正是幫助我們理解這一過程的寶貴指引。

維果茨基將兒童的繪畫發展分為五個階段：塗鴉期、象徵主義期、生動表現期、視覺塑造期和青春期逼真期。每個階段都有其獨特的特徵，反映了兒童對世界的理解和表達能力的不斷提升。

在最早的塗鴉期（２－４歲），孩子們僅是隨意揮舞著蠟筆或畫筆，對線條的控制還很粗糙。但這種看似無意義的塗鴉，實際上是他們大腦與肌肉協調的初步嘗試，也是自我表達欲望的萌芽。隨後在象徵主義期（４－７歲），孩子們開始用簡單的線條和形狀來代表現實中的事物，例如一個圓圈加上幾根線條就成了一張＂人臉＂。

進入生動表現期（７－９歲），繪畫風格變得更加生動有趣。人物和物體開始呈現扁平效果，頭腳也開始以Ｘ型展開。色彩的運用更加大膽鮮豔，符號和情節線索也更加豐富。在這個階段，孩子們對細節的關注以及想像力都達到了一個新的高度。

進入視覺塑造期（９－１２歲），孩子們的繪畫開始朝著更立體、更具透視感的方向發展。物體開始有陰影和質感，色彩的運用也更加準確和細膩。他們開始努力將二維平面的畫面投射成三維立體的景深效果。

最後在青春期逼真期（１２歲以後），一些孩子的藝術天賦可能會得到進一步發揮，他們的繪畫作品開始能夠更準確地還原客觀實物，乃至達到相當程度的寫實風格。但同時也有一些孩子在這個階段對繪畫失去了興趣。

綜上所述，維果茨基的發展階段理論為我們提供了寶貴的分析框架，幫助我們更好地理解兒童繪畫作品背後所經歷的心智成長歷程。

每一個階段都是孩子們認知和表達能力的重要里程碑，每一幅畫作都值得我們用專注和敬重的眼光細細品味。

讓我們用心欣賞孩子們的成長足跡，為他們的豐富多彩的藝術世界喝彩。

＃兒童繪畫發展階段 ＃維果茨基理論 ＃塗鴉期 ＃象徵主義期 ＃生動表現期＃視覺塑造期＃青春期逼真期

Exploring the Milestones of Children's Artistic Development - Insights from Viktor Lowenfeld's Stage Theory

Every child is a born artist, observing the world through a unique lens and pouring their perceptions onto paper through drawings. However, as they grow older, children's artistic styles and abilities undergo significant transformations. This progression stems from different stages of cognitive and psychological development, and Viktor Lowenfeld's theory provides a valuable guide to understanding this process.

Lowenfeld divided children's artistic development into five stages: the Scribbling Stage, the Pre-Schematic Stage, the Schematic Stage, the Gang Age, and the Pseudo-Naturalistic Stage. Each stage has its distinct characteristics, reflecting children's evolving understanding of the world and their ability to express themselves.

In the earliest Scribbling Stage (ages 2-4), children simply wave crayons or brushes without much control over lines. However, this seemingly meaningless scribbling is their initial attempt at coordinating their brain and muscles, as well as the budding desire for self-expression. Subsequently, in the Pre-Schematic Stage (ages 4-7), children begin to use simple lines and shapes to represent real-world objects, such as a circle with a few lines to depict a "face."

During the Schematic Stage (ages 7-9), their artistic style becomes more vibrant and interesting. Figures and objects start to appear flat, with heads and limbs often forming an X-shape. Color usage becomes bolder and more vibrant, with richer symbols and narrative cues. At this stage, children's attention to detail and imagination reach new heights.

In the Gang Age (ages 9-12), children's drawings start to develop a more three-dimensional and perspectival quality. Objects begin to exhibit shadows and textures, and color usage becomes more accurate and nuanced. They strive to project the two-dimensional surface into a three-dimensional depth effect.

Finally, in the Pseudo-Naturalistic Stage (ages 12 and above), some children's artistic talents may be further developed, enabling them to render subjects more accurately, even achieving a certain degree of realism. However, at this stage, some children may also lose interest in drawing.

In summary, Lowenfeld's stage theory provides a valuable analytical framework for understanding the cognitive growth process behind children's artworks. Each stage marks an important milestone in children's cognitive and expressive abilities, and every artwork deserves our focused and respectful appreciation. Let us cherish the footprints of children's growth and celebrate their vibrant artistic worlds.

＃Children's Drawing Development Stages

＃Vygotsky's Theory

＃Scribbling Stage

＃ Symbolic Stage

＃Vivid Representation Stage

＃Visual Plasticity Stage

＃ Adolescence Realistic S