多益|弱點整理 指示代詞與虛主詞

釐清 that 和 those 在多益中作為指示代詞的用法，以及它們與虛主詞 it 的根本區別。

一、指示代詞 ：that 和 those

指示代詞的主要功能是替代前面已經提及的名詞，以避免重複。它們像是一個「代班者」，其存在是為了讓句子更簡潔。

• that：用來替代單數名詞或不可數名詞。
• those：用來替代複數名詞。

1. 用於比較句中

that 和 those 最常見的用法，就是在比較句中取代名詞。

• that (指代單數名詞或不可數名詞)
• • 例： The climate of Taiwan is warmer than **that** of Canada.
  • 詳解： 這裡的 that 指代的是前面的單數名詞 The climate。如果不用 that，句子就會變成 The climate of Taiwan is warmer than the climate of Canada.，聽起來重複且不精簡。
• those (指代複數名詞)
• • 例： The products of our company are more expensive than **those** of our competitors.
  • 詳解： 這裡的 those 指代的是前面的複數名詞 The products。如果不用 those，句子就會變成 The products of our company are more expensive than the products of our competitors.，顯得冗長。

2. 作為獨立的代詞

that 和 those 也可以單獨作為代詞使用，用來指代之前提到的特定事物。

• that (指代單數事物)
• • 例： The sales report is missing. **That** is a big problem.
  • 詳解： 這裡的 that 指代前面提到的單一事件「銷售報告不見了」。
• those (指代複數事物或人)
• • 例： My colleagues who are good at public speaking are getting promoted. **Those** with strong communication skills are valuable assets.
  • 詳解： 這裡的 those 指代前面提到的「那些善於公開演講的同事」。

3. that 的特殊用法

that 除了指代單數名詞外，還有一個特別的用法，就是指代前面整個句子所描述的事件或概念。

• 例： She received a promotion and a salary increase. **That** was what she had been working towards.
• 詳解： 這裡的 that 指的是「她獲得升職和加薪」這整個事件，而不是單獨的某樣東西。

簡單總結：

• that vs. those 的選擇，取決於你要取代的名詞是單數還是複數。
• that = 單數名詞 或 不可數名詞
• those = 複數名詞
• 當空格處需要替代一個具體名詞時，請根據該名詞的單複數選擇 that 或 those。

二、虛主詞 ：it

虛主詞 it 在句子中沒有實際的指代意義，它扮演的是「佔位符」或「開場白」的角色。它的存在是為了讓句子結構完整，而真正的主詞或受詞是後面的不定詞片語或 that 子句。

核心規則：

• 虛主詞：It 常用於句首，引導一個描述狀態或事實的句子。
• • 句型： It is + 形容詞 + to V... 或 It is + 形容詞 + that子句...
• 虛受詞：It 常用於某些動詞（如 find, consider）後，引導其後的真正受詞。
• • 句型： find/consider + it + 形容詞/名詞 + to V... 或 find/consider + it + 形容詞/名詞 + that子句...

常見應用情境：

1. It is important to manage your time effectively.

• • • 真正的主詞是 to manage your time effectively（有效管理時間這件事），it 僅作引導。

2. The company considers it a privilege to sponsor the event.

• • • it 作為虛受詞，指代後面真正的受詞 to sponsor the event（贊助這場活動）。

3. I find it impressive that our company has been able to expand.

• • • it 作為虛受詞，指代後面真正的受詞 that our company has been able to expand（公司能夠擴展這件事）。

結論： 當空格處需要引導一個抽象的概念、事件或行為時，且本身沒有指代任何具體名詞，則應使用 it。

多益文法練習題：指示代詞與虛主詞

請從 (A)、(B)、(C)、(D) 四個選項中，選出最適合填入空格的答案。

1. The new marketing plan seems more effective than ____ proposed last year. (A) it (B) its (C) that (D) those
2. The skills required for this position are quite different from ____ needed for the previous role. (A) that (B) those (C) them (D) they
3. ____ is crucial to complete the financial report before the deadline this Friday. (A) That (B) What (C) There (D) It
4. The new management software makes ____ much easier for team members to track their progress. (A) that (B) it (C) them (D) itself
5. The information provided in this manual is more detailed than ____ in the old version. (A) it (B) which (C) that (D) those
6. ____ has been confirmed by the headquarters that the annual company trip will be held in Kaohsiung. (A) That (B) It (C) This (D) There
7. The responsibilities of a department manager are far greater than ____ of a regular employee. (A) that (B) those (C) them (D) they
8. We consider ____ a top priority to respond to all customer inquiries within 24 hours. (A) that (B) this (C) its (D) it
9. The performance of our current computer system is significantly better than ____ of the old one. (A) it (B) its (C) that (D) those
10. ____ appears that we will exceed our sales targets for this quarter if the current trend continues. (A) That (B) What (C) It (D) This

練習題：指示代詞與虛主詞詳解

1. The new marketing plan seems more effective than ____ proposed last year.

答案：(C) that

詳解： 句子比較的是 the new marketing plan (新行銷計畫，單數)，所以需要一個單數指示代詞來替代它，避免重複。that 符合這個用法。

2. The skills required for this position are quite different from ____ needed for the previous role.

答案：(B) those

詳解： 句子比較的是 The skills (技能，複數)，所以需要一個複數指示代詞來替代。those 符合這個用法。

3. ____ is crucial to complete the financial report before the deadline this Friday.

答案：(D) It

詳解： 句子的真正主詞是後面的不定詞片語 to complete the financial report...。這裡需要一個虛主詞來引導句子，故選 It。

4. The new management software makes ____ much easier for team members to track their progress.

答案：(B) it

詳解： 這是 make + it + 形容詞 + for sb + to V 的固定句型。it 在這裡作虛受詞，指代後面的 to track their progress 這個動作。

5. The information provided in this manual is more detailed than ____ in the old version.

答案：(C) that

詳解： 句子比較的是 The information (資訊，不可數名詞)，所以需要一個單數指示代詞來替代它。that 符合這個用法。

6. ____ has been confirmed by the headquarters that the annual company trip will be held in Kaohsiung.

答案：(B) It

詳解： 這是一個虛主詞的被動語態句型，真正的內容是 that 引導的子句。It 作為虛主詞，用來引導這個句子。

7. The responsibilities of a department manager are far greater than ____ of a regular employee.

答案：(B) those

詳解： 句子比較的是 The responsibilities (職責，複數)，所以需要一個複數指示代詞來替代。those 符合這個用法。

8. We consider ____ a top priority to respond to all customer inquiries within 24 hours.

答案：(D) it

詳解： 這是 consider + it + 名詞 + to V 的句型。it 作為虛受詞，指代後面的不定詞片語 to respond...。

9. The performance of our current computer system is significantly better than ____ of the old one.

答案：(C) that

詳解： 句子比較的是 The performance (表現，單數)，所以需要一個單數指示代詞來替代。that 符合這個用法。

10. ____ appears that we will exceed our sales targets for this quarter if the current trend continues.

答案：(C) It

詳解： 這是一個虛主詞句型，真正的內容是 that 引導的子句。It 作為虛主詞，用來引導這個句子。

分享AI練習題，希望對大家有幫助

https://g.co/gemini/share/fc9191a81909