關係詞是多益測驗中的核心考點,它能將兩個簡單句連接成一個複雜句,讓表達更精準。本篇講義將完整解析關係詞的用法,並提供多益常考的實用技巧。
一、關係代名詞
關係代名詞是用來取代先行詞(前面的名詞)並引導關係子句。選擇哪一個關係詞取決於先行詞和它在關係子句中扮演的角色。

省略判斷法:
- 如果關係詞在子句中作受詞,它通常可以被省略。
例:The book (which) I bought yesterday is interesting. - 如果作主詞或所有格,則不能省略。
that 的特性:
- that 可以代替 who、whom、which。
- 但不能用於非限制性子句(即逗號後面)。
例: The office, **which** is on the 5th floor, has a great view. (這裡不能用 that) - that 只能用在限制性關係子句中。
- 限制性子句沒有逗號,且提供的是必要資訊,用來定義或區分先行詞。
- 例如:
The policy **that** was approved yesterday is now in effect.
(只有昨天通過的政策才有效。)
二、關係副詞
關係副詞是用來取代表示時間、地點或原因的介系詞 + 名詞,並在子句中扮演狀語的角色。

多益考點:介系詞 + which 關係副詞和「介系詞 + which」可以互換,但後者通常更為正式。
when
↔on/in which
where
↔on/in/at which
why
↔for which
- 例:
This is the city **in which** I grew up.
(=This is the city **where** I grew up.
)
where:代替地點(in/on/at which)
- This is the office where I work.
when:代替時間(on/in/at which)
- I remember the day when we first met.
why:代替原因(for which)
- That is the reason why she quit.
重要提醒: 關係副詞後面接的子句通常是完整的。也就是說,它不缺主詞或受詞。這點非常重要!舉例來說:
This is the house **which** I bought.
(我買了房子,缺少受詞)This is the house **where** I grew up.
(我在房子裡長大,不缺主詞或受詞,但缺地點)
如果你分不清要選 which
還是 where
,就看空格後面的句子缺不缺東西。缺主詞或受詞就用 which
,不缺就用 where
或其他關係副詞。
三、限制性與非限制性關係子句
這是多益中最常考的關係詞陷阱題,關鍵在於有沒有逗號。

TOEIC陷阱: 在非限制性子句中,絕對不能使用 that
。這是一個常見的考點,看到逗號後面有空格,選 who
或 which
就對了!
四、關係詞 that
的特殊用法
that
是個萬用詞,但它也有自己的「地盤」。你提到這些情況下,that
會特別受青睞:
- 先行詞為最高級、序數詞或不定代名詞 (all, any, every, only...)
This is the **best book that** I've ever read.
- 先行詞同時包括人與物
The people and the things **that** make me happy are here.
TOEIC閱讀很喜歡在長難句中用 that
來代替 which
或 who
,如果你能迅速判斷它扮演的角色,解題速度就會快很多。
五、 whose
不只修飾人
很多人看到 whose
就直覺聯想到「人」,但它其實可以修飾所有格,無論是人還是物。
I bought a car **whose** color is blue.
(這台車的顏色是藍色的。)We are looking for a hotel **whose** service is excellent.
(我們在找一間服務很棒的飯店。)
在TOEIC中,這類題型通常是讓你判斷所有格關係詞。如果你看到空格後方是一個名詞,而且這個名詞屬於前方的先行詞,那 whose
就是你的答案!
練習題
- The project, ____ was originally scheduled for October, has been delayed until next year. (A) that (B) which (C) who (D) whose
- The company is looking for a senior architect ____ design portfolio shows a strong focus on sustainable materials. (A) who (B) which (C) that (D) whose
- The year ____ our company was founded was marked by a global economic recession. (A) which (B) when (C) what (D) where
多益文法練習題詳解
- The project, ____ was originally scheduled for October, has been delayed until next year.
答案:(B) which
詳解: 這個句子包含一個非限制性關係子句,其特徵是關係詞前面有逗號(,)。非限制性子句提供額外資訊,且不能用 that 來引導。因為先行詞 The project 是指物,且在子句中作主詞,所以正確答案是 which。
- The company is looking for a senior architect ____ design portfolio shows a strong focus on sustainable materials.
答案:(D) whose
詳解: 空格處需要一個所有格關係代名詞,用來修飾後面的名詞 design portfolio(設計作品集),意思是「這位建築師的設計作品集」。whose 可以指人或物的「...的」,符合句意。
- The year ____ our company was founded was marked by a global economic recession.
答案:(B) when
詳解: 空格處需要一個關係副詞來修飾先行詞 The year(年份),表示時間。when 最適合用來引導這個關係子句。