機率理論的作用
THE ELEMENT OF CHANCE enters into many of our attempts to understand the world we live in. A mathematical theory of probability allows us to calculate the likelihood of complex events if we assume that the events are governed by appropriate axioms. This theory has signicant applications in all branches of science, and it has strong connections with the techniques we have studied in previous chapters.
離散概率
Probabilities are called "discrete" if we can compute the probabilities of all events by summation instead of by integration. We are getting pretty good at sums, so it should come as no great surprise that we are ready to apply our knowledge to some interesting calculations of probabilities and averages.
機率空間的概念
機率被分配給每個可能的基本事件,並且這些概率值必須是非負的實數,且總和為1。這是機率理論中非常基本且重要的概念,用於描述事件發生的可能性。