多益閱讀中,關係代名詞是建構長句的核心工具。它能將兩個簡單的句子合併,提供更豐富的資訊。掌握關係代名詞的用法,能讓你快速辨識句子的主幹與修飾語,大幅提升閱讀速度!
今天,我將為你拆解關係代名詞的用法,特別區分它在子句中扮演「主詞」還是「受詞」的角色,讓你從此告別「長句恐懼症」!
1. 關係代名詞作「主詞」
當關係代名詞在子句中取代主詞時,它的後面會直接接動詞。
- Who (修飾人):
- 例句:
The client
**who** submitted the complaint
is a frequent customer.
- 解析:這裡的
who
是子句who submitted the complaint
的主詞,後面直接接動詞submitted
。
- 例句:
- Which/That (修飾事物):
- 例句:
The new system
**that** saves us a lot of time
will be launched next month.
- 解析:這裡的
that
是子句that saves us a lot of time
的主詞,後面直接接動詞saves
。
- 例句:
2. 關係代名詞作「受詞」
當關係代名詞在子句中取代受詞時,它的後面會接一個完整的主詞和動詞。在口語或非正式書信中,受詞關係代名詞可以省略。
- Whom/Who (修飾人):
- 例句:
The supervisor
**whom** we met yesterday
is in charge of this project.
- 解析:這裡的
whom
是子句we met yesterday
的受詞,後面接完整的主詞we
和動詞met
。在多益中,whom
較正式,也可以用who
取代,甚至省略。
- 例句:
- Which/That (修飾事物):
- 例句:
The report
**that** we submitted
needs some revisions.
- 解析:這裡的
that
是子句we submitted
的受詞,後面接完整的主詞we
和動詞submitted
。
- 例句:
3. Whose:表示「所有」關係
whose
表示「...的」,後面通常會接一個名詞,一起作為子句的主詞或受詞。
- 例句:
The team leader,
**whose** proposal was approved
, received a bonus.
- 解析:
whose
表示所有格,whose proposal
意為「他的提案」,作為子句的主詞。
此外,關係代名詞的用法特別區分限定用法與非限定用法,讓你從此告別「長句恐懼症」!
1. 限定用法 (不加逗號)
這種用法是關係代名詞最常見的形式,它用來限定或定義前面的名詞,告訴我們是「哪一個」人或事物。如果拿掉這個子句,句子的意思會不完整。
- Who (修飾人):
- 例句:
The client **who** submitted the complaint is a frequent customer.
- 解析:
who submitted the complaint
這個子句定義了是哪一位客戶。拿掉這段,就不知道是哪位客戶了。
- 例句:
- Which/That (修飾事物):
- 例句:
The new system **that** saves us a lot of time will be launched next month.
- 解析:
that saves us a lot of time
這個子句限定了是哪一套新系統。
- 例句:
多益小撇步: 在限定用法中,
that
可以取代who
和which
。同時,當關係代名詞在子句中作受詞時,也可以省略。
The report **(that)** we submitted needs some revisions.
2. 非限定用法 (要加逗號)
這種用法是用來提供額外資訊,即使拿掉這個子句,句子的意思仍然完整。它通常用於描述一個獨一無二或已經明確的名詞。
- Who (修飾人):
- 例句:
Mr. Smith, **who** is the CEO, will attend the meeting.
- 解析:
who is the CEO
只是補充說明Mr. Smith
的身分,即使拿掉,句子Mr. Smith will attend the meeting.
也依然完整。
- 例句:
- Which (修飾事物):
- 例句:
The new factory, **which** cost a fortune, will increase our production.
- 解析:
which cost a fortune
只是補充說明新工廠的成本,不影響主句The new factory will increase our production.
。
- 例句:
多益大重點: 在非限定用法中,只能使用
who
或which
,不能使用that
。這也是多益文法題中常見的陷阱!
多益關係代名詞實戰練習題 (10 題)
- The employee, _______ worked overtime last week, received extra compensation. (A) who (B) whom (C) whose (D) which
- The new policy, _______ the management approved, will be implemented next month. (A) who (B) which (C) whom (D) whose
- The company, _______ headquarters is located in Tokyo, is expanding to Europe. (A) that (B) which (C) whose (D) its
- We are looking for a candidate _______ can handle complex projects independently. (A) whose (B) whom (C) which (D) who
- The product catalog, a copy of _______ was sent to you, contains all our latest items. (A) who (B) which (C) that (D) what
- The customer, _______ we spoke with earlier, has confirmed their order. (A) who (B) which (C) whose (D) whom
- The report, the findings of _______ are very promising, will be presented at the board meeting. (A) which (B) whose (C) that (D) who
- The team leader, _______ enthusiasm is highly contagious, has motivated everyone. (A) who (B) that (C) whose (D) which
- The manager gave the award to the employee _______ he believed deserved it the most. (A) who (B) whose (C) which (D) whom
- The updated manual, _______ provides detailed instructions, is available on the company intranet. (A) who (B) whom (C) whose (D) which
答案與解析
- 答案:(A) who
- 解析:who 修飾 The employee(人),且在子句中作主詞,後面直接接動詞 worked。
- 答案:(B) which
- 解析:which 修飾 The new policy(事物),且在子句中作受詞,後面接主詞 the management 和動詞 approved。
- 答案:(C) whose
- 解析:whose 表示所有格,whose headquarters 意為「其總部」,修飾 The company。
- 答案:(D) who
- 解析:who 修飾 a candidate(人),且在子句中作主詞,後面直接接動詞 can handle。
- 答案:(B) which
- 解析:a copy of which 意為「其中一份」,修飾 The product catalog(事物)。
- 答案:(D) whom
- 解析:whom 是 who 的受格,用來修飾 The customer(人)。由於子句中 we 是主詞,故需要受格 whom。
- 答案:(A) which
- 解析:the findings of which 意為「其發現」,修飾 The report(事物)。
- 答案:(C) whose
- 解析:whose 表示所有格,whose enthusiasm 意為「其熱情」,修飾 The team leader。
- 答案:(A) who
- 解析:who 修飾 the employee(人),在子句中 he believed 是一個插入語,who 仍是 deserved 的主詞。
- 答案:(D) which
- 解析:which 修飾 The updated manual(事物),且在子句中作主詞,後面直接接動詞 provides。