學測短文寫作：一些應注意事項

以下整理一些寫作時會常犯的毛病。

1. 拼寫錯誤

        (1). 尤其是特定的過去式動詞變化

        (!). I *goed to school on time yesterday.

        (#). I went to school on time yesterday

        (!). I *haved to do homework last evening.

        (#). I had to do homework last evening.

        (!). I *geted a ticket yesterday.

        (#). I got a ticket yesterday.

        (!). I *buyed a car.

        (#). I bought a car.

2. 時態

        (1). 論述文用「現在式」：

        E.g. People prefer emojis to texts when having a conversation online.

[112年學測題目]

        (2). 描述事件用「過去式」

        E.g. The angry face caused misunderstanding.

[112年學測題目]

3. 斷裂句子

說明：一個句子兩個動詞； 只用「逗號」連接兩個子句

(!). I always get up early, I ride the bus to school in the morning every day.

(# 1). I always get up early. I ride the bus to school in the morning every day.

【直接用句號拆成兩個單句】

(# 2). I always get up early in the morning, because I have to catch the bus to school every day.

【用從屬子句，將原句改寫】

(# 3). I always get up early to catch the bus to school in the morning every day.

【用不定詞，將有因果關係的行動連接起來】

(# 4). I always get up early and I ride the bus to school in the morning every day.

【加上and：將原句改成合句】

4. 文法不一致

        (1). 主詞S/he，但動詞忘記改成V-s (subject-verb agreement)

        (!). He *have a headache.

        (#). He has a headache.

        (2). 時態不一致

        (!). I met him yesterday. We *talk about the baseball game.

        (#). I met him yesterday. We talked about the baseball game.

5. 連寫句/不斷句（run-on sentence)

說明：複數個子句在同個句子中

(!). I have a lot of trouble writing error-free passages I always make common grammatical errors.

(# 1). I have a lot of trouble writing error-free passages. I always make common grammatical errors.

【加上句號：一句拆成兩句】

(# 2). I have a lot of trouble writing error-free passages, because I always make common grammatical errors.

        【加上連接詞：用從屬子句將兩個單句拆開。此句加上「困難」的「理由。」】

(# 3). I have a lot of trouble writing error-free passages and I always make common grammatical errors.

【加上and：單句拆成合句(S+V and S+V)】

6. 斷裂句子／不完整句子

說明：基本的單句為S+V . . . 實際上寫出來的句子缺少基本的構件；最常見的是句子裡缺少動詞

        (!). Because rain.

        (# 1). It rains.

        【改成單句，捨棄沒有因果關係的because】

        (# 2). I have to get into the building, because it suddenly rains.

        【將句子完整寫出：說明前因後果】

        (# 3). Because of the rain, I have to get into the building.

        【注意Because of + 名詞片語 the rain】

7. 主詞、述詞不一致(dangling modifier) [1]

        E.g. Having finished the homework, Peter turned on the PS5.

        【說明：Having finished . . . 跟隨主詞Peter】

        (!). Having finished the homework, the PS5 was turned on.

        【Having finished . . . 不跟隨PS5】

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參考資料

[1] Purdue Owl 【研究所最常用的寫作網站】

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/mechanics/dangling_modifiers_and_how_to_correct_them.html