交通網絡承保 (TNC) 的要求對車主/營運者產生重大影響,因為標準的個人汽車保險單 (PAP) 明確排除了商業用途的承保責任。
以下是這個要求如何影響車主/營運者的:
1. 標準 PAP 的排除條款
個人汽車保險單 (PAP) 的核心問題在於其「公共或受僱運輸承運 (public or livery conveyance) 排除條款」。
- 標準 PAP 條款規定,當車輛被用於付費載客服務時,個人汽車保險單(PAP)將不提供承保。這直接適用於 Uber 和 Lyft 等提供共乘服務的 TNC。這意味著,一旦駕駛人開啟 App 並開始從事載客服務以賺取費用,他們的個人保險就可能失效。
2. 承保缺口與「App 運作階段」
由於 TNC 服務的運作可分為幾個階段,傳統保險與商業保險之間出現了承保缺口。ISO 引入的回購附加條款 (buyback endorsements) 就是為了填補這個缺口:
階段行為承保需求與附加條款階段
階段 1已登入 App,等待接單(App 開啟,但無乘客)。這是最大的承保缺口。必須透過附加條款解決。
階段 2已接受派單,前往接載乘客。在許多州,此時 TNC 的商業保單開始生效。但 PP 23 45 仍排除此階段。
階段 3乘客在車內。必須使用 TNC 提供的商業汽車保險或符合州法規要求的商業保單。
ISO TNC 回購附加條款:
保險公司提供以下附加條款,讓駕駛人「買回」在 App 運作但無乘客時的承保:
- PP 23 41 (TNC 駕駛人承保 - 無乘客): 涵蓋從駕駛人登入 App 到乘客上車前一刻的整個期間(即 App 開啟、等待接單及前往接客的階段)。PP 23 45 (有限 TNC 駕駛人承保 - 無乘客): 僅涵蓋從駕駛人登入 App 到接受派單的這段時間。它不承保接受派單後前往接客的時間。
3. 商業保險要求
- 載客期間: 一旦乘客在車內,車主/營運者必須擁有符合州法律要求的適當商業汽車保險。這是因為載客服務被視為正式的商業行為,風險遠高於個人駕駛。TNC 的商業保單: 通常,TNC 公司(如 Uber/Lyft)會為其駕駛人在載客期間提供主要保險(責任險),但駕駛人有義務確保該保單或其個人保險的附加條款能涵蓋所有階段。
總結來說,PAP 的要求迫使 TNC 車主/營運者必須購買額外的、專門的附加條款或商業保險,來填補標準 PAP 因「公共載客」排除條款所留下的巨大承保缺口。
TRANSPORTATION NETWORK COVERAGE (TNC)
Transportation Networks offer transportation services to others in exchange for a fee and engage in “ridesharing.” The main feature of these ridesharing services is an online-enabled smartphone app. Ridesharing companies such as Uber and Lyft seek individuals to electronically connect with the company and provide transportation. A basic requirement for accepting ridesharing assignments is a valid Personal Auto Policy that meets or exceeds state requirements.
How does this requirement affect the owner/operator of the vehicle?
There is the PAP exclusion for the operation of a vehicle as a public or livery conveyance. This exclusion applies to Transportation Network Companies such as Uber and Lyft. The PAP 2018 edition now incorporates the updated language for the public or livery conveyance exclusion. In addition to expanding the public or livery conveyance exclusion, the Insurance Services Office (ISO) introduced two “buyback endorsements” for transportation network companies:
- PP 23 41 10 15 Transportation Network Driver Coverage (No Passenger): covers the period from the time the driver logs onto the TNC app until the moment before the passenger steps into the vehicle.
- PP 23 45 10 15 Limited Transportation Network Driver Coverage (No Passenger): covers the period of time the driver logs onto the app until they accept the ride. It does not cover the time immediately following their acceptance of the fare while they are driving to pick up the passenger, or the time the passenger is in the vehicle.
Once the passenger is in the vehicle, the owner/operator needs the appropriate commercial auto insurance in the amounts required under state law.




















