Reference: The Economist
第一段
America’s top business schools are facing a downturn, as seen in their delayed job placement reports. In 2024, only 84% of graduates from the top 15 MBA programs secured jobs within three months, down six percentage points from the previous year and eight points from the five-year average. MIT Sloan saw a steep drop, with only 62% employed at graduation, compared to 82% historically.
美國頂尖商學院正面臨低迷,這從他們延遲發布的就業報告中可見一斑。2024 年,排名前 15 的 MBA 項目中,只有 84% 的畢業生在三個月內找到工作,較前一年下降 6 個百分點,較過去五年平均水準下降 8 個百分點。麻省理工學院(MIT)史隆管理學院的就業率大幅下降,畢業時的就業率僅為 62%,而過去的歷史數據則為 82%
- 主題:這段話的核心主題是美國商學院畢業生的就業情況惡化,特別是就業率的下降。
- 第一句(背景與趨勢):
- "America’s top business schools are facing a downturn"
→ 美國頂尖商學院正面臨低迷,表達的是一種整體趨勢。 - "as seen in their delayed job placement reports"
→ 從他們延遲發布的就業報告便可見一斑,暗示學校可能因為不理想的就業數據而推遲發布報告。
- "America’s top business schools are facing a downturn"
- 第二句(數據支持):
- "In 2024, only 84% of graduates from the top 15 MBA programs secured jobs within three months"
→ 2024年,排名前15的 MBA 課程畢業生中,只有 84% 在畢業三個月內找到工作 - 「secured jobs」表示「獲得工作」
- 「within three months」指的是 MBA 畢業生的標準就業追蹤時間
- "down six percentage points from the previous year and eight points from the five-year average"
→ 較前一年下降了 6 個百分點,較過去五年平均水準下降了 8 個百分點 - 「percentage points」表示「百分點」,這裡強調下降幅度
- 「five-year average」指過去五年的平均水準,顯示就業率的長期下降趨勢
- "In 2024, only 84% of graduates from the top 15 MBA programs secured jobs within three months"
- 第三句(個案分析:MIT Sloan):
- "MIT Sloan saw a steep drop"
→ MIT 史隆管理學院的跌幅尤為顯著,用「steep drop」(急劇下降)來強調程度。 - "with only 62% employed at graduation, compared to 82% historically"
→ 畢業即就業的比例從過去平均的 82% 降至 62% - 「employed at graduation」指畢業時就已經找到工作的學生比例
- 「compared to 82% historically」表明過去的標準水準,對比出明顯的下降趨勢
- "MIT Sloan saw a steep drop"
第二段
MBAs have long been criticized, with some arguing that business is learned through practice, not in classrooms. Despite this, graduates have dominated corporate leadership—nearly half of S&P 500 companies are run by MBAs. However, their job prospects are weakening. Consulting firms, which traditionally hired many MBAs, have reduced recruiting. Data from four schools show a 25% drop in hires by McKinsey, BCG, and Bain. Tech firms are also hiring fewer MBAs, with placements at major companies falling by more than half.
MBA 一直以來飽受批評,有人認為商業應該透過實踐學習,而非在教室中學習。儘管如此,MBA 畢業生仍然在企業領導層中占據主導地位——標普 500 指數中近半數的公司由 MBA 畢業生管理。然而,他們的就業前景正在惡化。傳統上大量聘用 MBA 畢業生的諮詢公司正在減少招聘。來自四所學校的數據顯示,麥肯錫(McKinsey)、波士頓諮詢公司(BCG)和貝恩公司(Bain)的錄取人數下降了 25%。科技公司也減少了對 MBA 畢業生的招聘,主要企業的錄取人數下降了一半以上。
解析
- MBA 的爭議:
- "MBAs have long been criticized"
→ MBA 一直以來都飽受批評 - "with some arguing that business is learned through practice, not in classrooms"
→ 有人認為商業應該透過實踐學習,而非在教室裡學習 - 「some arguing」表示「有些人主張」
- 「business is learned through practice」強調實踐比理論更重要
- "MBAs have long been criticized"
- MBA 的影響力:
- "Despite this, graduates have dominated corporate leadership"
→ 儘管如此,MBA 畢業生仍在企業領導層中占據主導地位 - "nearly half of S&P 500 companies are run by MBAs"
→ 標普 500 指數中的公司近半數由 MBA 畢業生管理 - 「run by」表示「由……經營/管理」
- 這部分強調 MBA 的影響力,即使有人批評,仍然有大量 MBA 畢業生擔任企業高層
- "Despite this, graduates have dominated corporate leadership"
- 就業前景惡化:
- "However, their job prospects are weakening"
→ 然而,他們的就業前景正在惡化 - 「job prospects」指的是「就業前景」,表明市場需求減少
- "However, their job prospects are weakening"
- 諮詢公司減少招聘:
- "Consulting firms, which traditionally hired many MBAs, have reduced recruiting"
→ 傳統上大量聘用 MBA 的諮詢公司正在減少招聘 - 「traditionally hired many MBAs」強調過去這些公司對 MBA 的依賴
- 「reduced recruiting」表示「減少招聘」,說明 MBA 就業市場的緊縮
- "Consulting firms, which traditionally hired many MBAs, have reduced recruiting"
- 數據支持:諮詢業:
- "Data from four schools show a 25% drop in hires by McKinsey, BCG, and Bain"
→ 來自四所學校的數據顯示,麥肯錫、波士頓諮詢公司(BCG)和貝恩公司(Bain)的錄取人數下降了 25% - 這三家公司是全球頂級管理諮詢公司,被稱為「MBB」
- 「25% drop」強調下降幅度
- "Data from four schools show a 25% drop in hires by McKinsey, BCG, and Bain"
- 數據支持:科技業:
- "Tech firms are also hiring fewer MBAs"
→ 科技公司同樣減少了對 MBA 的招聘 - "with placements at major companies falling by more than half"
→ 主要企業的錄取人數減少了一半以上 - 「placements」指的是「錄取、聘用」
- 「falling by more than half」表明下降幅度極大
- "Tech firms are also hiring fewer MBAs"
第三段
These challenges may be cyclical, but there’s a broader shift. Consultants now value science and engineering degrees more, while some MBAs are turning to entrepreneurship via search funds, acquiring and managing businesses rather than climbing corporate ladders.
這些挑戰可能是周期性的,但更深層的轉變正在發生。諮詢公司如今更重視科學和工程學位,而部分 MBA 畢業生則透過「搜尋基金」(search funds)轉向創業,選擇收購並經營企業,而非遵循傳統的企業晉升路線。
解析
- 周期性挑戰 vs. 長期趨勢:
- "These challenges may be cyclical"
→ 這些挑戰可能是周期性的 - 「cyclical」指「周期性的」,意思是這種 MBA 的就業困境可能只是市場的短期波動,而非永久性問題。
- "but there’s a broader shift"
→ 但更深層的轉變正在發生 - 「broader shift」表示更廣泛的結構性變化,暗示 MBA 的市場價值正在被重新定義,而不僅僅是短期衰退。
- "These challenges may be cyclical"
- 諮詢公司趨勢變化:
- "Consultants now value science and engineering degrees more"
→ 諮詢公司如今更重視科學和工程學位 - 「consultants」指的是管理諮詢公司,如 McKinsey、BCG、Bain 等
- 「value... more」表示「更重視……」,說明傳統上對 MBA 需求較高的諮詢業,現在更青睞理工科背景的人才
- 可能的原因:現代企業越來越依賴技術和數據分析,科技導向的決策能力變得更重要
- "Consultants now value science and engineering degrees more"
- MBA 畢業生的轉型:
- "while some MBAs are turning to entrepreneurship via search funds"
→ 而部分 MBA 畢業生則透過「搜尋基金」(search funds)轉向創業 - 「turning to entrepreneurship」表示「轉向創業」,代表 MBA 畢業生不再僅追求企業晉升,而是希望掌控自己的事業
- 「via search funds」指的是一種創業模式,投資人提供資金讓 MBA 畢業生尋找並收購現有企業,然後由他們管理
- "while some MBAs are turning to entrepreneurship via search funds"
- 創業 vs. 企業晉升:
- "acquiring and managing businesses rather than climbing corporate ladders"
→ 選擇收購並經營企業,而非遵循傳統的企業晉升路線 - 「acquiring and managing businesses」表示 MBA 畢業生不創立新公司,而是透過投資人資金購買現有企業,然後自己經營
- 「rather than climbing corporate ladders」對比傳統 MBA 畢業生的職涯路線(進入大公司、逐步晉升),說明年輕 MBA 可能更偏向自主經營,而非長期依賴大公司
- "acquiring and managing businesses rather than climbing corporate ladders"
第四段
Business schools also face ideological challenges. Their embrace of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) aligns them with universities but may be at odds with shifting political and economic trends. As America reindustrializes, MBA curricula remain focused on traditional corporate pathways. If hiring rebounds, business schools may recover, but their relevance is increasingly questioned.
商學院同樣面臨意識形態上的挑戰。它們對多元性、公平與包容(DEI)的推動與大學體系保持一致,但這可能與不斷變化的政治與經濟趨勢相矛盾。隨著美國進行再工業化,MBA 課程仍專注於傳統的企業發展路線。即便招聘市場回暖,商學院的價值仍將受到越來越多的質疑。
解析
- 商學院的意識形態挑戰:
- "Business schools also face ideological challenges."
→ 商學院同樣面臨意識形態上的挑戰。 - 「ideological challenges」指的是學術機構的價值觀、政策與社會趨勢之間的矛盾,例如 DEI(多元性、平等與包容)政策。
- "Business schools also face ideological challenges."
- DEI 與大學體系的關聯:
- "Their embrace of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) aligns them with universities"
→ 它們對多元性、平等與包容(DEI)的推動與大學體系保持一致 - 「embrace」表示「積極推行、擁抱」
- 「aligns them with universities」強調商學院與整體高等教育趨勢一致,積極響應 DEI 政策
- "Their embrace of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) aligns them with universities"
- 與政治、經濟趨勢的矛盾:
- "but may be at odds with shifting political and economic trends."
→ 但這可能與不斷變化的政治與經濟趨勢相矛盾。 - 「at odds with」表示「與……不一致/發生衝突」
- 「shifting political and economic trends」指的是當前政治環境(如右翼勢力的崛起)及經濟變遷(如產業轉型)對 DEI 的影響
- 暗示 DEI 可能受到保守派或產業界的批評,使商學院的價值受到挑戰
- "but may be at odds with shifting political and economic trends."
- 美國再工業化 vs. MBA 課程:
- "As America reindustrializes, MBA curricula remain focused on traditional corporate pathways."
→ 隨著美國進行再工業化,MBA 課程仍專注於傳統的企業發展路線。 - 「reindustrializes」指美國正在將重心轉向製造業與實體經濟,而非過去的金融、科技等高附加值產業
- 「MBA curricula remain focused on traditional corporate pathways」表示MBA 仍然培養金融、諮詢等傳統企業管理人才,未能適應新興產業需求
- "As America reindustrializes, MBA curricula remain focused on traditional corporate pathways."
- 未來的不確定性:
- "If hiring rebounds, business schools may recover, but their relevance is increasingly questioned."
→ 即便招聘市場回暖,商學院的價值仍將受到越來越多的質疑。 - 「hiring rebounds」指市場需求回升,可能帶動 MBA 就業復甦
- 「business schools may recover」表示商學院可能因此恢復競爭力
- 「but their relevance is increasingly questioned」強調即便如此,商學院的教育模式與現實需求脫節,導致其存在價值受到挑戰
- "If hiring rebounds, business schools may recover, but their relevance is increasingly questioned."
Reflections
Overall, this article made me realize that the value of an MBA is no longer solely determined by whether one can enter McKinsey, BCG, or Bain, but rather by the ability to cultivate a true entrepreneurial mindset. If MBA programs in the U.S. can adapt to the trend by adjusting their curricula to emphasize entrepreneurship, data-driven decision-making, and management in emerging industries, then MBAs can still maintain their influence and even establish a new value proposition.
總的來說,這篇文章讓我意識到,MBA 的價值已不再僅僅取決於是否能進入 McKinsey、BCG 或 Bain,而是取決於是否能夠培養真正的企業家思維。若美國的 MBA 計劃能夠順應趨勢,調整課程,強調創業、數據導向決策以及新興產業管理,那麼 MBA 仍然可以保持其影響力,甚至開創新的價值定位。