這裡整理了臨床上常見的精神科相關醫學名詞，順便附上了英文的解釋。
本身是待在精神科教學醫院，希望這份筆記可以幫助大家更快上手，但是必須特別注意病歷上縮寫的部分，會因為不同情境和科別而有可能不同，如果不確定的話絕對不要自己腦補阿，多問一下醫師或學姊，更能保障病人安全!
診斷與疾病 (Diagnosis and Disorders)
藥物與治療 (Medications and Treatment)
評估與臨床術語 (Assessment and Clinical Terms)
其他相關術語 (Other Related Terms)
精神科常見醫學名詞（逐條序號排版）
I. 診斷與疾病 (Diagnosis and Disorders)
- 英文名詞: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) 中文說明: 重度抑鬱症（重鬱症）
- 英文說明: A mental health disorder characterized by persistently depressed mood or loss of interest in activities, causing significant impairment in daily life.
- 英文名詞: Bipolar Disorder (BD) 中文說明: 雙相情感障礙（躁鬱症）
- 英文說明: A disorder associated with episodes of mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs.
- 英文名詞: Schizophrenia 中文說明: 思覺失調症
- 英文說明: A chronic brain disorder that affects a person's ability to think, feel, and behave clearly, often resulting in psychosis.
- 英文名詞: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) 中文說明: 廣泛性焦慮症
- 英文說明: Characterized by persistent and excessive worry about everyday things, often lasting for months or years.
- 英文名詞: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) 中文說明: 強迫症
- 英文說明: Characterized by unwanted, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions).
- 英文名詞: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 中文說明: 創傷後壓力症候群
- 英文說明: A disorder that develops in some people who have experienced a shocking, scary, or dangerous event.
- 英文名詞: Panic Disorder 中文說明: 恐慌症
- 英文說明: Characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and fear of future attacks.
- 英文名詞: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) 中文說明: 邊緣性人格障礙
- 英文說明: A disorder marked by an ongoing pattern of varying moods, self-image, and behavior, often resulting in impulsive actions and unstable relationships.
- 英文名詞: Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) 中文說明: 反社會人格障礙症
- 英文說明: A mental condition in which a person consistently shows no regard for right and wrong and ignores the rights and feelings of others.
- 英文名詞: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) 中文說明: 自閉症類群障礙
- 英文說明: A developmental disability that can cause significant social, communication, and behavioral challenges.
- 英文名詞: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 中文說明: 注意力不足/過動症
- 英文說明: A chronic condition including attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness.
- 英文名詞: Substance Use Disorder (SUD) 中文說明: 物質使用障礙症
- 英文說明: The recurrent use of alcohol or other drugs that causes clinically significant impairment, including health problems, disability, and failure to meet major responsibilities.
- 英文名詞: Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) 中文說明: 酒精使用障礙症
- 英文說明: A chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive alcohol use, loss of control over alcohol intake, and a negative emotional state when not drinking.
- 英文名詞: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) 中文說明: 神經性厭食症
- 英文說明: An eating disorder characterized by an abnormally low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of weight.
- 英文名詞: Bulimia Nervosa (BN) 中文說明: 神經性暴食症
- 英文說明: An eating disorder characterized by a cycle of binging and compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting.
- 英文名詞: Adjustment Disorder (AD) 中文說明: 適應障礙症
- 英文說明: Emotional or behavioral reactions to a stressful event or change that are out of proportion to the severity of the stressor.
- 英文名詞: Conduct Disorder (CD) 中文說明: 行為規範障礙症
- 英文說明: A serious behavioral and emotional disorder that can occur in children and teens, characterized by persistent patterns of disruptive and violent behavior.
- 英文名詞: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) 中文說明: 對立反抗症
- 英文說明: A childhood disorder marked by an uncooperative, defiant, and hostile attitude toward authority figures.
- 英文名詞: Psychosis 中文說明: 精神病（精神失常）
- 英文說明: A condition that affects the way the brain processes information, often involving a loss of contact with reality (e.g., hallucinations or delusions).
- 英文名詞: Delusion 中文說明: 妄想
- 英文說明: A fixed, false belief that conflicts with reality, often resistant to change even with evidence.
- 英文名詞: Hallucination 中文說明: 幻覺
- 英文說明: A sensory perception (such as seeing or hearing) that has no external stimulus.
II. 藥物與治療 (Medications and Treatment)
- 英文名詞: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) 中文說明: 認知行為治療
- 英文說明: A type of psychotherapy that helps patients understand the thoughts and feelings that influence behaviors.
- 英文名詞: Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) 中文說明: 辯證行為治療
- 英文說明: A specific type of CBT, often used to treat BPD, focusing on mindfulness, emotional regulation, and distress tolerance.
- 英文名詞: Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) 中文說明: 人際心理治療
- 英文說明: A focused, time-limited treatment for mood disorders that focuses on the patient's current interpersonal relationships.
- 英文名詞: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) 中文說明: 電痙攣治療
- 英文說明: A procedure in which small electric currents are passed through the brain, intentionally triggering a brief seizure, used for severe depression.
- 英文名詞: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) 中文說明: 經顱磁刺激治療
- 英文說明: A non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain to improve symptoms of depression.
- 英文名詞: Motivational Interviewing (MI) 中文說明: 動機式訪談
- 英文說明: A counseling approach designed to help patients find the internal motivation necessary to change problematic behaviors, often used in substance abuse.
- 英文名詞: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) 中文說明: 選擇性血清素再回收抑制劑
- 英文說明: A common class of antidepressants that increase the level of serotonin in the brain.
- 英文名詞: Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI) 中文說明: 血清素-正腎上腺素再回收抑制劑
- 英文說明: A class of antidepressants that increase levels of both serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain.
- 英文名詞: Antipsychotic 中文說明: 抗精神病藥物
- 英文說明: Medications used to manage psychosis (delusions, hallucinations) in conditions like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
- 英文名詞: Benzodiazepine 中文說明: 苯二氮平類藥物
- 英文說明: A class of psychoactive drugs often used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and seizures (e.g., Diazepam, Alprazolam).
- 英文名詞: Lithium 中文說明: 鋰鹽
- 英文說明: A mood stabilizer widely used in the treatment of Bipolar Disorder.
- 英文名詞: Inpatient (IP) 中文說明: 住院治療
- 英文說明: Treatment that requires the patient to stay overnight in a hospital or clinic.
- 英文名詞: Outpatient (OP) 中文說明: 門診治療
- 英文說明: Treatment where the patient visits a clinic or hospital for sessions but does not stay overnight.
- 英文名詞: Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) 中文說明: 強化門診治療計畫
- 英文說明: A step down from PHP, providing a structured program that allows patients to live at home and attend school or work part-time.
III. 評估與臨床術語 (Assessment and Clinical Terms)
- 英文名詞: Mental Status Examination (MSE) 中文說明: 精神狀態檢查
- 英文說明: A structured way of observing and describing a patient's current state of mind under the domains of appearance, attitude, behavior, mood, and thought processes.
- 英文名詞: Insight 中文說明: 病識感
- 英文說明: A patient's awareness and understanding of their own mental illness.
- 英文名詞: Judgment 中文說明: 判斷力
- 英文說明: The ability to make reasoned decisions and respond appropriately to various situations.
- 英文名詞: Affect 中文說明: 情緒（外顯表情）
- 英文說明: The outward, observable expression of emotion (e.g., flat, restricted, or appropriate).
- 英文名詞: Mood 中文說明: 心境（內在感受）
- 英文說明: The patient's sustained, internal emotional state (e.g., depressed, anxious, irritable).
- 英文名詞: Suicidal Ideation (SI) 中文說明: 自殺意念
- 英文說明: Thoughts about or a preoccupation with the idea of committing suicide.
- 英文名詞: Homicidal Ideation (HI) 中文說明: 殺人意念
- 英文說明: Thoughts about or a preoccupation with the idea of causing harm to others.
- 英文名詞: Danger To Self (DTS) 中文說明: 危及自身（自傷、自殺）
- 英文說明: A clinical determination that a patient poses an immediate risk of self-harm.
- 英文名詞: Danger To Others (DTO) 中文說明: 危及他人（傷人、殺人）
- 英文說明: A clinical determination that a patient poses an immediate risk of harm to others.
- 英文名詞: Activities of Daily Living (ADL) 中文說明: 日常生活活動（能力）
- 英文說明: Basic self-care tasks such as bathing, dressing, eating, and mobility.
- 英文名詞: History (Hx) 中文說明: 病史/病歷
- 英文說明: The recorded account of a patient's past and present medical or psychological condition.
- 英文名詞: Against Medical Advice (AMA) 中文說明: 自動出院/拒絕治療（違背醫囑） 英文說明: A patient choosing to leave a medical facility or discontinue treatment contrary to the recommendations of the medical staff.
- 英文名詞:against medical advice discharge (AAD) 中文說明: 不遵醫囑自動出院
- 英文說明: A patient choosing to leave a medical facility or discontinue treatment contrary to the recommendations of the medical staff.
IV. 專業與機構 (Professions and Organizations)
- 英文名詞: Psychiatrist 中文說明: 精神科醫師
- 英文說明: A medical doctor (MD or DO) who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illnesses.
- 英文名詞: Psychologist 中文說明: 心理學家
- 英文說明: A professional with a doctoral degree (Ph.D. or Psy.D.) who specializes in the study of mind and behavior and can provide psychotherapy.
- 英文名詞: Social Worker 中文說明: 社工師
- 英文說明: A professional who helps individuals, families, and groups cope with problems in their daily lives, often focused on resources and support systems.
- 英文名詞: Occupational Therapist (OT) 中文說明: 職能治療師
- 英文說明: A therapist who helps patients develop or recover skills needed for daily living and working.
- 英文名詞: Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) 中文說明: 社區心理健康中心 英文說明: A facility that provides a range of mental health services in a community setting.
V. 其他相關術語 (Other Related Terms)
- 英文名詞: Comorbidity 中文說明: 共病現象
- 英文說明: The simultaneous presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions in a patient (e.g., depression and substance abuse).
- 英文名詞: Etiology 中文說明: 病因學
- 英文說明: The cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition.
- 英文名詞: Prognosis 中文說明: 預後
- 英文說明: The likely course or outcome of a disease or condition.
- 英文名詞: Acute 中文說明: 急性
- 英文說明: A condition or symptom that is severe and sudden in onset.
- 英文名詞: Chronic 中文說明: 慢性
- 英文說明: A condition or symptom that is persistent or long-lasting.
- 英文名詞: Relapse 中文說明: 復發
- 英文說明: The return of a disease or symptoms after a period of improvement.
