從福爾摩沙三族記到禮讚台南－ 台南是台灣城市的開始

這場講座是由永福國小校友會沈銘賢理事長邀約，請永福國小第14屆校友陳耀昌教授返回母校，講題為：禮讚台南，禮讚永福．

陳教授一開始在演講開場就提到台南市台灣城市的開始，也是讓台灣站在國際舞台的開始，從福爾摩沙人西拉雅四千年史，到荷蘭人過來蓋熱蘭遮城四十年的貿易往來，至明清時期移民四百年，日治時期五十年，台南一直是多元共生，多元信仰的代表．

並且引用曾為永福國小老師的台灣當代文學作家葉石濤先生曾說的：台南是一個適合人們做夢，幹活，戀愛，結婚悠然過活的地方．並且葉石濤先生的著作台灣男子簡阿淘，其實就是在描述自己．

當各都市都在拼經濟，只有台南選擇先文化，後經濟，也證明了文化之花芬芳，蝴蝶自來，經濟自然而然也隨之發展起來．倘若你想了解美術歷史，台南美術館是介紹台灣美術歷史最完整的地方．台灣文學館也充分介紹文學歷史，自來水博物館闡述了日本時代的百年史，台灣歷史博物館闡述了台灣移民的四百年歷史，而位於南科的國立臺灣史前文化博物館博物館包含了五千年前的大坌坑文化遺址，值得一提的左鎮化石博物館，更介紹了台灣地理萬年歷史．這些都是多元的台南博物館體系，讓人覺得就好比置身在倫敦，你想了解關於英國的歷史，就該來倫敦探究倫敦的各大博物館，好比說大英博物館，國家美術館，自然歷史博物館等等．

大概在十年前陳教授就提及遷都台南的策略，因為南北平衡本應該是超越藍綠的事情，台南是屬於台灣開拓史，從5000年前的平埔文化到荷蘭、明鄭時期，赤崁樓、鹿耳門等，典雅寧靜，更像一個可以讓袞袞諸公研商國是的良好環境，再加上不如寸土寸金的台北以及工業重鎮的高雄，台南整塊嘉南平原仍有大片土地，可以放手去規劃出理想中的國會、行政院大廈，營造氣象一新的格局．筆者想到就如同澳洲的坎培拉地廣人稀，刻意設計生活舒適的自然城市，讓人心曠神怡的環境，即使處身市中心也沒有繁囂的感覺。遷都台南，比坎培拉略勝一籌的是，提升台灣對國際的文化古都意象．

陳耀昌教授在講座中，提及小學二年級時，教室搬到永福國小後面的高地上課，若穿越時空也就是清朝時的「澄臺」，位於清朝臺灣府城臺廈道衙署後院，當時時空台南地勢西臨臺江內海，海岸線原在赤崁樓前，西元1693年康熙年間創建斐亭，於左隅再建高臺，以能望海，故名「澄臺」，在澄臺記中將斐亭內聽濤、在澄臺觀海與安平晚渡、沙鯤漁火、鹿耳春潮、鷄籠積雪、東溟曉日、西嶼落霞列為「臺灣八景」。一直為清朝時道署官員與來臺宦遊文士聽濤觀海的勝地，斐亭、澄臺是文人雅集所在地．

陳教授提及小學二年級的胡姓女同學，父親思想有問題入獄，導致大家不敢接近．台灣的白色恐怖時期是從1949年始至1992年，今日所稱的「白色恐怖」，指的是國家系統性的搜查、鎮壓政治抗爭者的行動。起源於法國大革命時期，是法蘭西第三共和國政府軍以白色為代表色（波旁王朝的徽章—「白百合」）。因此「白色恐怖」指政權統治者，運用國家機器的直接暴力手段，針對反抗現有體制的人，所進行的打壓摧毀行為。胡同學的父親胡鑫麟醫師原為台大醫院眼科主任，1950年因左翼思想而入獄，影響一個人，一個家庭有多大，從同學的口耳相傳，大概就可以感受得到．當年永福國小的蔡彩薇老師讓胡同學當班長，老師的智慧，巧妙地讓孩子度過被排擠的狀態．胡鑫麟醫師自綠島監獄歸來後，又得一子，就是小提琴音樂家胡乃元。胡乃元的第一把琴便是胡鑫麟醫師委託綠島獄友以手工打造。然而這段歷史可以原諒，但不能遺忘，我們應該在其中尋找往前走的力量，走向和解和團結的未來。蔡英文總統出席「2016世界人權日」活動曾經說過：「一個國家、一個社會必須在還原歷史、找出真相之後，才能告訴所有人：「過去就讓它過去」。而且，一切都過去了還不夠，我們必須阻止國家暴力再ㄧ次發生。」

在講座中也提到永福國小的葉博文同學，陳教授也提供了葉博文生前最後一張照片，就是穿著人民作主的上衣，遠眺二二八紀念館． 二二八當年的真相還原，是葉博文當二二八紀念館創館館長後，從更多學術機構文獻、家屬口述挖掘出來．想起他在2009年核四公投促進會進行環島苦行，而今2021年12月18日核四公投舉辦投票，無論結果如何，台灣的民主又更進一步．

一個作家的養成絕對跟看電影有關，陳教授特別提及小學時每週家庭聚會時的電影時光，也很謙虛地說自己不是學霸，注音也沒學好，但細看資料都寫第一名，還有全省作文比賽第九名的榮譽，在當時已埋下種子注定退休後為作家．

陳教授分享的這齣1958年的日本電影，片名有樂町是在東京，是有關戀愛的故事，其日文主題曲的內容：街燈溫柔地照耀著，啊！為愛情賭上生命的花朵呀！儘情地開吧！直到永遠，直到永遠永遠，你我的暗語，相逢有樂町。

筆者在思索演講的脈絡，從白色恐怖提到二二八，或許在那個年代，台灣人充滿著抑鬱哀傷的情調，但是這首歌卻為當時的台灣人所熱愛著，許多人在評論日治時代是台灣悲劇文學的鼎盛時期，戰後出生的一代，被壓抑著難道只剩悲情？台灣人的堅韌應是為著民主獻上生命的花朵，持續熱情地開著直到永遠．就好比陳耀昌教授對著台灣歷史的熱情，以各族群的立場寫出當時台灣的社會，攥寫台灣歷史．為台灣留下歷史，為歷史記下台灣．

他所寫的島之曦為台灣文化協會一百週年的真摯獻禮。1921 年曾留日的台灣知識菁英們，以蔣渭水為首創立了「台灣文化協會」，由文化、教育角度開拓臺灣民眾視野進而對抗日本強權。島之曦描述了一百年前一對傑出台南夫妻，男主角盧丙丁為蔣渭水的助手，為「台灣意識」的知識份子，台灣社會運動最蓬勃的年代，藉歌唱藝術家林氏好的故事，帶出1930年代曲盤時期流行音樂盛況，生動刻劃出台灣民主萌芽覺醒的年代，帶來希望與島嶼新生的晨曦．

陳教授另外提及台灣宮廟文化結合藝術與台灣史，好比說台南的大眾廟祭拜的鎮海大元帥以及陳德聚堂，應該是明鄭時期的陳澤．永康二王廟祭拜鄭經，也就是鄭成功之子．東門大人廟拜的鄭氏三代，史家論東寧鄭家三代，代表人物是鄭成功、鄭經、鄭克（臧土），而非敗家子鄭克塽。台南頂太子沙淘宮廟埕旁側，與此廟因緣極深。每年農曆九月九日，民間相傳的三太子生日，然而陳教授在寫《福爾摩沙三族記》時，根據石萬壽教授所考據的沙淘宮典故，才知道頂太子並非祭拜哪吒三太子，而是冤死的鄭經的大太子鄭克（臧土），如果當年監國太子鄭克（臧土）不死，台南東寧王國的命運會如何呢？

曾為法醫的陳教授建議重新以科學來檢驗宮廟種種不可解的現象，以超自然的觀點來代替迷信的偏見，其實就與不可知論的哲學理念類似．筆者在Podcast節目琉璃心中提及過不可知論（Agnosticism），為1869年英國倫敦生物學家Thomas Henry Huxley所提出：「試著去學一點皮毛，和某些皮毛的一切。」（Try to learn something about everything and everything about something.）也就是我們對於一些無法知道的不可解的理論與想法，只是虛心去學習，也不需要刻意去否認神的存在，只是當下我們無法知道或確認．

另外在講座中，陳耀昌教授提及自己的偶像就是胡適先生，胡適認為父親與小孩的關係，應該是「樹本無心結子，我也無恩於你」。就像種植物一樣，種下一個種子，好好照顧，這些都是社會的責任與義務．並且期許小孩「做一個堂堂的人，不要做孝順兒子。」做個對社會有用的人更加重要。

筆者回憶起陳耀昌教授在福爾摩沙三族記之作者的話有提及：伴著晨星曉月寫完書可以無愧鄉梓、無愧祖先也無愧此生，卻對自己的小孩有愧．因為要忙的事情很多，能夠陪伴的時間太少，永遠以小孩為傲，所寫的書是寫給新一代台灣兒女的一點心意．陳教授與胡適理念相符，讓人感動的父愛，想的總是自己似乎付出的太少，給的愛都是不求報答的愛．

胡適博士在民國前的清朝時期，曾與父母住在清朝台廈兵備道的最高官署，也就是今永福國小校內。西元1891年，胡適的父親胡傳奉調台灣，為全台營務處總巡，又擔任台南鹽務總局提調．民國41年12月26日，胡適回到永福國小，受到當時台南市長葉廷珪熱烈歡迎，胡適在故居前種下一棵小榕樹苗、並寫下先秦《小雅·小弁》有這樣的詩句：「維桑與梓，必恭敬止。」意思是在種植樹的時候，人們都該是畢恭畢敬的。胡適以此墨寶送給永福國小珍藏。

而今這棵樹已經七十歲了，目前樹況需要救治，筆者曾聯繫台灣老樹救援協會幫忙，建議另尋高明．如果沒有人為的或者自然的破壞，或者病蟲災現象，榕樹是可以活到幾千年。榕樹有一木成林的現象，擁有極強的生命力，就好比台灣在苦難中淬鍊而生，面對打壓，依然是延續著自由民主的價值，抬頭挺胸、拼命生長向上．祈願這棵充滿歷史意義的生命之樹，能夠生生不息．

Tainan is the beginning of Taiwanese city-Praise Tainan and Praise Yongfu

This lecture was invited by Shen Mingxian, chairman of the Yongfu Elementary School Alumni Association. Professor Chen Yaochang returned to his elementary school. At the beginning of his speech, Professor Chen mentioned the beginning of the Taiwan city of Tainan, and it was also the beginning of Taiwan’s standing on the international stage, from the 4,000-year history of Silaya, a Formosa, to the arrival of the Dutch to cover the city of Zeelandia. Forty years of trade, 400 years of immigrants during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and 50 years of Japanese colonial rule, Tainan has always been a representative of pluralistic symbiosis and pluralistic beliefs.

Mr. Yeh Shyr-Tao (葉石濤), a contemporary Taiwanese literary writer who was a teacher of Yongfu Elementary School. He is an important native writer in Taiwan. Professor Chen quoted that "This is a good place for people to dream, love, get married and leisurely pass the time." This sentence was Yeh Shyr-Tao's personal impression of his experience in Tainan City.In addition, Mr. Yeh Shyr-Tao's book, Jian Atao, a Taiwanese man, is actually describing himself.

When all cities are fighting for the economy, only Tainan chose culture first. This also proves that the flowers of culture are fragrant, the butterflies come, and the economy naturally develops. If you want to understand the history of fine arts, the Tainan Art Museum is the most complete place to introduce the history of fine arts in Taiwan. National Museum of Taiwan Literature also fully introduces literary history. Tainan Waterworks Museum explains the 100-year history of the Japanese era, National Museum of Taiwan History explains the 400-year history of Taiwan’s immigrants, and Museum of Archaeology,Tainan Branch of NMP in Nanke contains the history of 5,000 years ago. The Dazukeng Cultural Site, the Zuozhen Fossil Museum, which is worth mentioning, also introduces the 10,000-year history of Taiwan’s geography. These are a diverse system of Tainan museums, which makes people feel like being in London. If you want to learn about British history, you should come to London to explore the major museums in London, such as the British Museum, National Gallery, Natural History Museum, etc. .

About ten years ago, Professor Chen mentioned the strategy of moving the capital to Tainan, because the north-south balance should be something beyond politics. Tainan belongs to the history of Taiwan’s development, from the Taiwanese Plains Indigenous Peoples‘ culture 5,000 years ago to the Dutch and Mingzheng periods. The Kanlou, Luermen, etc., are elegant, and are more like a good environment for the government to study and trade the country. It can freely plan the ideal building of Congress and Executive Yuan to create a new pattern because large tracts of land. Such as Canberra in Australia, which is very sparsely populated. A natural city with a comfortable life is deliberately designed to provide a refreshing and pleasant environment. Moving the capital to Tainan, slightly better than Canberra, is to enhance Taiwan's impression of an ancient international cultural capital.

Professor Chen Yaochang mentioned that in the second grade of elementary school, the classroom was moved to the high ground behind Yongfu Elementary School. In 1693, the Fei Pavilion was created during the Kangxi period, and a high platform was built on the left corner to see the sea, hence the name "Chengtai". Listening to the sea waves in the Fei Pavilion, watching the sea at Chengtai and the Anping evening ferry, tide of deer ears, dawn in the east, and sunset on Xiyu are listed as "Taiwan Eight Scenic Spots." It has always been a place for officials of the Qing Dynasty Dao Administration and eunuch literati who came to Taiwan to listen to the waves and watch the sea. Fei Pavilion and Chengtai are the places where literati's elegant gatherings are located.

Professor Chen mentioned that a female classmate whose family name is Hu. Her father was imprisoned for political issue, which made everyone afraid to approach. The period of white terror in Taiwan started from 1949 to 1992. What is called "white terror" today refers to the nation's systematic search and suppression of political protesters. Originated during the French Revolution, it was represented by the government forces of the Third French Republic with white (the emblem of the Bourbon dynasty-"White Lily"). Therefore, "white terror" refers to the suppression and destruction of the rulers of the regime using the direct violent means of the state apparatus to target those who resist the existing system. Hu's father, Dr. Hu Xinlin, was originally the director of the Department of Ophthalmology at National Taiwan University Hospital. He was imprisoned in 1950 for left-wing thinking. He affected a person and how old a family is, and you can probably feel it from the word of mouth from his classmates. Ｍs Cai Caiwei of Yongfu Elementary School let Hu be the class leader. The wisdom of the teacher cleverly made Hu without being excluded by the other children. After Dr. Hu Xinlin returned from Ludao Prison, he had a son, violin musician Nai-Yuan Hu.

President Tsai Ing-wen attended the "2016 World Human Rights Day" event and once said: "A country or a society must restore history and find out the truth before telling everyone: "Let it pass in the past." Moreover, it is not enough that everything is over. We must prevent national violence from happening again. "

In the lecture, Ye Bowen who studied in Yongfu Elementary School was also mentioned, and Professor Chen also provided the last photo of Ye Bowen in his lifetime, wearing a people-in-chief coat, overlooking the February 28th Memorial. The truth of the February 28th year was restored by Ye Bowen after he became the founding curator of Taipei 228 Memorial Museum and unearthed it from more academic institution literature and oral narratives from his family. I think of his asceticism around the island in the 2009 National Nuclear Referendum Promotion Committee, and now the nuclear referendum will be held on December 18, 2021.

The development of a writer is definitely related to watching movies. Professor Chen specifically mentioned the weekend movie time during the weekly family gatherings. He also humbly said that he was not a master student and did not learn the phonetic spelling well, but he was still ranked first. There is also the honor of ninth place in the provincial composition competition. He was destined to be a writer.This Japanese movie shared by Professor Chen. The city Yurakucho is in Tokyo. It is a story about love. The content of the Japanese theme song: The street lamp is shining gently, ah! Bet on the flower of life for love! Go ahead and drive! Forever, forever and ever, the secret words of you and me, meet in Yurakucho.

From the white terror to the February 28 incident,Taiwanese were full of depression and sadness, but this song was loved by the Taiwanese at that time. Many people commented on the Japanese rule. This is the heyday of Taiwan's tragic literature. The generation born after the war is suppressed. Is it true that only tragedy remains? The perseverance of the Taiwanese should be the flower of giving their lives for democracy, which will continue to bloom with enthusiasm forever. It is like Professor Chen Yaochang's enthusiasm for Taiwan's history, writing the society of Taiwan at that time from the standpoint of various ethnic groups, and writing the history of Taiwan. Leave history for Taiwan, write down Taiwan for history.

The book called Sun of the Island was written by Professor Chen Yaochang is a sincere gift for the centenary of the Taiwan Cultural Association. Taiwanese intellectuals who had stayed in Japan in 1921 founded the "Taiwan Cultural Association" headed by Jiang Weishui, which expanded the horizons of the Taiwanese people from the perspective of culture and education to fight against the Japanese power. The Sun of the Island described an outstanding Tainan couple a hundred years ago. The male protagonist Bing-Ding Lu was Jiang Weishui’s assistant and an intellectual of "Taiwan consciousness". In the most prosperous era of Taiwanese social movements, he borrowed the stories of the singer Lin Shi-Hao . It brought out the pomp of popular music in the 1930s songpan period, vividly depicts the era of the budding and awakening of Taiwan's democracy, and brought hope and the dawn of the island’s rebirth.

Professor Chen also mentioned that Taiwan’s temple culture combines art with Taiwan’s history. For example, the Marshal of Zhenhai and Chen Dejutang worshipped by the popular temple in Tainan should be Chen Ze during the Ming and Zheng period. Yongkang Erwang Temple worships Zheng Jing, the son of Zheng Chenggong. The three generations of the Zheng family worshiped by the Dongmen Master, and the historians commented on the three generations of the Zheng family in Dongning. The representative figures are Zheng Chenggong, Zheng Jing, and Zheng Ke Zang, not the prodigal Zheng Keyun. Tainan's top prince is beside the temple grounds of Shatao Palace, which has a deep connection with this temple. Every year on the 9th day of the lunar calendar, the third prince’s birthday is legendary among the people. However, when Professor Chen wrote "The Three Clans of Formosa", based on the allusions of the Shatao Palace researched by Professor Shi Wanshou, he knew that the top prince was not worshipping Nezha San. The prince is Zheng Ke Zang, the eldest prince of Zheng Jing who died unjustly. If the prince Zheng Ke Zang did not die too early, what would be the fate of Dongning Kingdom in Tainan?

Professor Chen, who had been a forensic doctor, suggested that science should be used to examine the various unsolvable phenomena in the palace and supernatural views to replace superstitious prejudices. In fact, this is similar to the philosophical concept of agnosticism. I mentioned Agnosticism in my podcast: The Mindful Heart twince. The English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word Agnosticism in 1869, and said "It simply means that a man shall not say he knows or believes that which he has no scientific grounds for professing to know or believe." Thomas Henry Huxley said "Try to learn something, and everything about some fur." ​​That is, for some unsolvable theories and ideas that we can't know, we just learn with an humility, and we don't need to deliberately deny the existence of God. It's just that we can't know or confirm at that moment.

In addition, in the lecture, Professor Chen Yaochang mentioned that his role model is Mr. Hu Shih. Hu Shih believed that the relationship between father and child should be "the tree has no intention to make a knot, and I have no favor to you." Just like planting a plant, planting a seed and taking good care of it are all social responsibilities and obligations. He also hoped the person will "be a dignified person, not a filial son." It is more important to be a useful person in our society.

Professor Chen Yaochang mentioned in a tale of three tribes in Dutch Formosa: With the morning star to write this book, I can be worthy of our hometown and our ancestors who are worthy of this life, but I am ashamed of my own children. I did not have enough time to accompany, but I am always proud of my children. The book I wrote is written to the new generation of Taiwanese children. Professor Chen is in line with Hu Shih's philosophy. The touching fatherly love always to love unconditionally without expecting in return.

During the Qing dynasty, Dr. Hu Shih lived with his parents in the highest Tainan office of the Qing Dynasty, which is now the Yongfu Elementary School. In 1891, Hu Shih’s father, Hu Chuan, was transferred to Taiwan and served as the general patrol of the entire Taiwanese camp affairs office. He also served as the commissioner of the Tainan Salt Bureau. On December 26, 1949, Hu Shih returned to Yongfu Elementary School and was warmly welcomed by Ye Tinggui, the mayor of Tainan at that time. Hu Shih planted a small banyan sapling in front of his former residence and wrote the poem which means that when planting trees, people should be respectful. Hu Shih gave this calligraphy to the collection of Yongfu Elementary School.

Now the tree is seventy years old, and the current condition of the tree needs to be treated. Ｉcontacted the Taiwan Old Tree Rescue Association but they suggested to find another helper. If there is no man-made or natural damage, or pests and diseases, the banyan tree can live for thousands of years. The banyan tree has a phenomenon of growing into a forest and has extremely strong vitality. It is like Taiwan being born in the midst of suffering. In the face of repression, it still continues the value of freedom and democracy, raising its head and striving to grow upward. May this tree of life full of historical significance be able to thrive.