PBL 雙語兒童哲學 by Mr. gary

### Course Outline

#### 課程大綱

### Lesson 1: Critical Thinking and Logic

### 課程1：批判性思維與邏輯

**Goal:**

**目標：**

- Develop children's critical thinking skills and learn to identify and avoid common logical fallacies.

- 培養孩子的批判性思維能力，學會辨別和避免常見的邏輯謬誤。

**Content:**

**內容：**

- Fundamentals of critical thinking

- 批判性思維的基礎

- Common logical fallacies (e.g., ad hominem, straw man, appeal to emotion)

- 常見的邏輯謬誤（例如：人身攻擊、稻草人論證、訴諸情感等）

**Activities:**

**活動：**

- Case analysis: Identifying logical fallacies in stories

- 案例分析：辨別故事中的邏輯謬誤

- Group discussion: Create your own logic puzzles and challenge classmates

- 小組討論：設計自己的邏輯謎題並挑戰同學

### Lesson 2: Cognitive Biases and Psychology

### 課程2：認知偏差與心理學

**Goal:**

**目標：**

- Understand how cognitive biases affect our thinking and decision-making.

- 理解認知偏差如何影響我們的思維和決策。

**Content:**

**內容：**

- Common cognitive biases (e.g., confirmation bias, availability bias)

- 常見的認知偏差（例如：確認偏誤、可得性偏誤等）

**Activities:**

**活動：**

- Experimental activity: Demonstrate the impact of cognitive biases through small games

- 實驗活動：通過小遊戲展示認知偏差的影響

- Group discussion: How to avoid cognitive biases

- 小組討論：如何避免認知偏差

### Lesson 3: Metaphysics and Reality

### 課程3：形而上學與現實

**Goal:**

**目標：**

- Explore fundamental questions in metaphysics, such as the nature of reality and the meaning of existence.

- 探索形而上學的基本問題，如現實的本質和存在的意義。

**Content:**

**內容：**

- What is metaphysics?

- 什麼是形而上學？

- Concepts of existence and reality

- 存在與現實的概念

**Activities:**

**活動：**

- Group discussion: How do you know if you are living in a virtual world?

- 小組討論：如果你生活在一個虛擬世界中，你怎麼知道它不是真實的？

- Creative writing: Describe what you think is a "real world"

- 創意寫作：描述一個你認為的“真實世界”

### Lesson 4: Mind and Consciousness

### 課程4：心靈與意識

**Goal:**

**目標：**

- Explore issues of mind and consciousness, including the relationship between mind and body.

- 探討心靈與意識的問題，包括心靈與身體的關係。

**Content:**

**內容：**

- Basic concepts of mind and consciousness

- 心靈與意識的基本概念

- Mind-body problem

- 心靈與身體問題

**Activities:**

**活動：**

- Group discussion: How do you know others have consciousness?

- 小組討論：你如何知道別人有意識？

- Creative writing: Describe everything you are conscious of in a day

- 創意寫作：描述一天生活中你意識到的所有事情

### Lesson 5: Language and Meaning

### 課程5：語言與意義

**Goal:**

**目標：**

- Understand how language conveys meaning and the relationship between language and reality.

- 理解語言如何傳達意義以及語言與現實的關係。

**Content:**

**內容：**

- Basic concepts of language and meaning

- 語言與意義的基本概念

- How language influences our understanding of the world

- 語言如何影響我們對世界的理解

**Activities:**

**活動：**

- Group discussion: How do different languages express the same concept?

- 小組討論：不同的語言如何表達相同的概念？

- Creative activity: Invent a new language and explain its rules

- 創意活動：發明一種新的語言並解釋其規則

### Lesson 6: Ethics and Morality

### 課程6：倫理學與道德

**Goal:**

**目標：**

- Explore fundamental questions in ethics and understand the standards of moral behavior.

- 探討倫理學的基本問題，理解道德行為的標準。

**Content:**

**內容：**

- Basic concepts of morality and ethics

- 道德與倫理的基本概念

- Common ethical theories (e.g., utilitarianism, deontology)

- 常見的倫理理論（例如：功利主義、義務論等）

**Activities:**

**活動：**

- Case analysis: Analyze a moral dilemma

- 案例分析：分析一個道德兩難的情境

- Group discussion: Create your own guide to moral behavior

- 小組討論：設計自己的道德行為指南

### Lesson 7: Political Philosophy and Society

### 課程7：政治哲學與社會

**Goal:**

**目標：**

- Explore fundamental questions in political philosophy, such as justice, rights, and the role of government.

- 探討政治哲學的基本問題，如正義、權利和政府的作用。

**Content:**

**內容：**

- Basic concepts of political philosophy

- 政治哲學的基本概念

- Theories of justice and fairness

- 正義與公平的理論

**Activities:**

**活動：**

- Group discussion: Design an ideal society

- 小組討論：設計一個理想的社會

- Debate activity: How should the government distribute resources?

- 辯論活動：政府應該如何分配資源？

### Lesson 8: Happiness and the Good Life

### 課程8：幸福與美好生活

**Goal:**

**目標：**

- Explore the nature of happiness and how to achieve a good and meaningful life.

- 探討幸福的本質以及如何實現美好生活。

**Content:**

**內容：**

- Concepts of happiness

- 幸福的概念

- Relationship between life satisfaction and happiness

- 生活滿意度與幸福的關係

**Activities:**

**活動：**

- Group discussion: What makes you happy?

- 小組討論：什麼讓你感到快樂？

- Creative writing: Describe your ideal day

- 創意寫作：描述你理想中的一天

### Lesson 9: Technology and Ethics

### 課程9：科技與倫理

**Goal:**

**目標：**

- Explore the ethical and social impacts of technological development.

- 探討科技發展對倫理和社會的影響。

**Content:**

**內容：**

- The neutrality of technology

- 科技的中立性問題

- Relationship between technology and privacy

- 科技與隱私的關係

**Activities:**

**活動：**

- Case analysis: Analyze ethical issues brought by modern technology

- 案例分析：分析現代科技帶來的倫理問題

- Group discussion: How to balance technological development and moral considerations?

- 小組討論：如何平衡科技發展與道德考量？

### Lesson 10: Bioethics

### 課程10：生物倫理學

**Goal:**

**目標：**

- Explore ethical issues related to healthcare and life sciences.

- 探討與醫療和生命科學相關的倫理問題。

**Content:**

**內容：**

- Ethical issues of biomedical enhancement

- 生物醫學增強的倫理問題

- Euthanasia and patient rights

- 安樂死與病人權利

**Activities:**

**活動：**

- Case analysis: Discuss ethical issues of biomedical enhancement

- 案例分析：討論生物醫學增強的倫理問題

- Group discussion: In what situations do you think euthanasia is reasonable?

- 小組討論：你認為什麼情況下安樂死是合理的？

### Lesson 11: Neurophilosophy and Consciousness

### 課程11：神經哲學與意識

**Goal:**

**目標：**

- Explore the relationship between consciousness and the brain and understand fundamental issues in neurophilosophy.

- 探討意識與大腦的關係，理解神經哲學的基本問題。

**Content:**

**內容：**

- Neural correlates of consciousness

- 意識的神經相關性

- Minds and consciousness of animals

- 動物的心靈與意識

**Activities:**

**活動：**

- Group discussion: Do animals have consciousness?

- 小組討論：動物有意識嗎？

- Creative writing: Describe a world without consciousness

- 創意寫作：描述一個沒有意識的世界

### Lesson 12: Democracy and Civic Responsibility

### 課程12

：民主與公民責任

**Goal:**

**目標：**

- Explore fundamental principles of democracy and the responsibilities of citizens.

- 探討民主的基本原則以及公民的責任。

**Content:**

**內容：**

- Basic concepts of democracy

- 民主的基本概念

- Importance of civic responsibility and voting

- 公民責任與投票的重要性

**Activities:**

**活動：**

- Group discussion: Why is voting important?

- 小組討論：為什麼投票重要？

- Simulated election: Conduct a mock election to experience the democratic process

- 模擬選舉：舉行一次模擬選舉，體驗民主過程

### Teaching Methods

### 教學方法

Each lesson will incorporate the core concepts of the 108 curriculum competencies, utilizing PBL (Problem-Based Learning) and the practical application of scaffolding teaching theory. Teachers will guide students in applying knowledge in real-world contexts and gradually increase learning difficulty and depth through scaffolding, helping students construct knowledge and enhance their abilities.

每堂課程都將結合108課綱素養教育的核心理念，通過PBL（問題導向學習）和鷹架教學理論進行教學。教師將引導學生在實際情境中應用所學知識，並通過鷹架教學方法逐步增加學習難度和深度，幫助學生建構知識、提升能力。

I hope these lessons will inspire children's interest in philosophy and cultivate their critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

希望這些課程能夠啟發孩子們對哲學的興趣，並培養他們的批判性思維能力和解決問題的能力。